German language islands in the Kalischer Land

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Other Breyer Map (1938)

German language islands in the Kalisch Land formed a relatively closed German-speaking settlement area in the vicinity of the city of Kalisch in central Poland . Until 1945, 26 larger and 74 smaller villages as well as the cities of Kalisch, Władysławów (Rosterschütz) and Turek were located in these linguistic islands . Around 25,000 Poles of German origin lived in the German- speaking islands .

history

Settlement of the primeval forest north of Kalisch began before the Polish partitions around 1740. Polish mostly aristocratic landowners called German farmers (mostly from Silesia ) to settle fallow land or forest areas into the country. The first documented settlement of this type was the place Łazińsk Holland (Holland, in Polish Olędrzy - see Hauländer , also Dutch ) in 1746. In 1772 the German villages Borowiec, Konary, Grund and Wielołęka were founded. These villages were followed by others like this:

  • Prasuchy (1770)
  • Poroze (1775)
  • Zbiersk Holland (1775)
  • Ciświca-Holland (1775)
  • Lipnica (1778)
  • Jarantów (1778)
  • Jaszczury (1780)
  • Zakrzyn (1780)
  • Piegonisko (1782)
  • Sobiesęki (1782)
  • Stoki (1782)
  • Kazimierka-Stara (1782)
  • Adlerholland (pl .: Orlin) (1784)
  • Gadow-Holland (1784)
  • Zamęty (1786)
  • Danowiec (1786)
  • Białobłoty (1787)
  • Kazimierka-Nowa (1790)
  • Józefów Colony (1790)

Even before the last partition of Poland, the entire forest area north of Kalisch between Prosna and Teleszyna had been developed by German settlers. The formerly large jungle area was now interspersed with numerous clearing islands . After the second partition of Poland , the area belonged to South Prussia from 1793 to 1807 . In 1809 it came to the Duchy of Warsaw and in 1815 to the newly formed Russian- dominated Congress Poland . In the 19th century, further German villages were founded without major immigration from outside as daughter settlements of the already existing villages. The German villages Celestyny, Feliksów, Kotwasice, Niedzwiady, Annopol and Wygoda were founded around the town of Prasuchy. Around 1845 the colonies Wojciechowo, (later called Wycinki), Boberfeld, Michalinów, Łagiewniki and Sołomina were founded in the area around Grodziec . With the beginning of the peasants' liberation in what was then Russian Congress Poland, German settlement activity ended completely. There were no more settlement-free areas available for the establishment of new villages. The area around Chełm , on the other hand, became a new destination for emigration, also from the Kalischer Land, see Cholmerländer .

In three cities of the Kalischer Land there were notable German minorities in Kalisch, Rosterschütz and Turek. Immigration to Roster contactor 1738 German-speaking by the settlement Züchner , Parchner and Weber from Silesia . A large number of German-speaking mostly Catholic weavers from Bohemia settled in Turek from 1826 . During the reconstruction of the city in 1793, many Germans settled in the city of Kalisch during the South Prussian period. However, the majority of these German immigrants left Kalisch again in 1831.

With the expulsion in 1945, the history of the German-speaking islands in the Kalischer Land ended.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://upstreamvistula.org/Documents/ABreyer_DtGaue.pdf
  2. ↑ http://www.digitalis.uni-koeln.de/JWG/jwg_132_107-116.pdf p. 113 ff.
  3. ↑ http://upstreamvistula.org/Documents/ABreyer_DtGaue.pdf
  4. ↑ http://upstreamvistula.org/Documents/ABreyer_DtGaue.pdf

literature