Diana tree bark

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Diana Baumrind (1965)

Diana Baumrind (born August 23, 1927 in New York City - September 13, 2018 ) was an American developmental psychologist . She is considered one of the leading researchers in the field of child rearing .

Life

Diana Baumrind studied psychology and philosophy at Hunter College in New York City and graduated in 1948 with a bachelor's degree . She received her Masters in 1951 and her Ph. D. in Psychology (Clinical-Social-Developmental) from the University of California, Berkeley . From 1955 to 1958 she worked as a post-doctoral student at Cowell Hospital / Kaiser Permanente . Since 1960, she has led the Family Socialization and Developmental Competence research project as a clinical psychologist and developmental psychologist at the Institute for Human Development at the University of California . She was best known for her research on parenting styles, as well as her criticism of being misled in psychological experiments, especially the Milgram experiment . Baumrind is the mother of three daughters.

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The main research areas of bark were the socialization of the family (family socialization), the development of pro-social skills (developmental competence), health and substance abuse in adolescents and questions of ethics. In long-term studies, she examined the parenting styles of parents with small children and found two types of reactions by parents to their children's behavior: parental demandingness and reactive (parental responsiveness). She divided them into three styles of upbringing: the authoritative , the authoritarian and the permissive. Their research showed that the authoritative (leading) style promoted the children's competence to be connected with other people (communion) and the need for independence and self-development (agency) the most. For Baumrind, the basis for developing this competence is a secure bond with the child. She saw the communication of values as an important task for adults :

“It (would be) the task of the adult orientators, including parents, to educate young people in the common traditions of their society and in the democratic and personal virtues, instead of presenting these traditions in a value-neutral context. It is the task of every generation to reevaluate the traditions handed down from the previous generation. Unthinking acceptance of values ​​produces foreclosed identities. On the other hand, unreflective rejection of these traditions leaves adolescents at the mercy of alienation. Adolescents are best placed to reflect on these traditions when adults clearly state their values ​​and encourage adolescents to examine and, if necessary, criticize them. (Baumrind, 1987) "

Eleanor Maccoby and John Martin came to the conclusion in 1983 that the Baumrind model of upbringing was still missing a fourth style of upbringing, namely that of neglecting parents who are neither demanding nor reactive.

Ruth K. Chao has been calling for a revision of Baumrind's classification system (authoritarian - authoritative - permissive) since the 1990s, which she considered ethnocentric and which, in her opinion, is at most suitable for describing modern Western educational styles, B. the Chinese style of upbringing.

Awards

  • 1988 Granville Stanley Hall Award, American Psychological Association, Division 7.
  • 1984–1988 Research Scientist Award, National Institute of Mental Health

Publications (selection)

Books :

  • Current Patterns of Parental Authority , Developmental Psychology Monograph, The American Psychological Association 1971
  • Early socialization and the discipline controversy (University programs modular studies) General Learning Press 1975, ISBN 978-0382250699
  • Child Maltreatment and Optimal Caregiving in Social Contexts (Garland Reference Library of Social Science) Garland Publishing Inc. July 1995, ISBN 978-0815319184

Articles and parts of books :

  • Some thoughts on ethics of research, after reading Milgram's "Behavioral study of obedience . American Psychologist, 19 (6), 421-423. University of Illinois Press, 1964, ISSN  0002-9556
  • Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior . Genetic Psychology Monograph, 75, 43-88, 1967
  • Familial antecedents of adolescent drug use: A developmental perspective . In CL Jones, & RJ Battjes (Eds.). Etiology of drug abuse: Implications for prevention. NIDA Research Monograph No. 56, pp. 13-44; DHHS Publication No. [ADM] 85-1335. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 1985
  • A developmental perspective on adolescent risk-taking behavior in contemporary America . In W. Damon, (Ed.), New directions for child development: Adolescent health and social behavior, 37, (pp. 93-126). Jossey-Bass, San Francisco 1987
  • Rearing competent children . In W. Damon (Ed.). Child development today and tomorrow (pp. 349-378). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1989
  • Effective parenting during the early adolescent transition . In PE Cowan and EM Hetherington (Eds.). Advances in family research, Vol. 2 (pp. 111-163). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ 1991
  • The discipline controversy revisited , in: Family Relations, Volume 45, Issue 4, 1996
  • Reflections on character and competence. In A. Colby, J. James, & D. Hart (Eds.). Explorations in the development of competence and character through life (pp 1-28). University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1998.
  • From ought to is: A neo-Marxist standpoint on the use and misuse of the culture construct . Human Development, 41, 145-165, 1998
  • with RA Thompson. The ethics of parenting . In M. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 5. Practical issues in parenting (2nd ed., Pp. 2-24). Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahway, NJ: 2002
  • Patterns of Parental Authority and Adolescent Autonomy . In J. Smetana (Ed.), New directions for child development: Changes in parental authority during adolescence (pp. 61-69). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2005
  • Taking a stand in a morally pluralistic society: Constructive obedience and responsible dissent in character education . In L. Nucci (Ed.), Conflict, contradiction, and contrarian elements in moral development and education (pp. 21-50). Lawrence Erlbaum, New Jersey 2005
  • Authoritative parenting for character and competence . In D. Streight (Ed.) Parenting for Character: Five Experts, Five Practices (pp. 17-32). Oregon: CSEE, 2008

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Diana Baumrind on familyevolved.com, accessed November 2, 2019.
  2. ^ A b Diana Baumrind Spot-on: Biography, Parenting Styles & Criticism. In: www.positive-parenting-ally.com. Retrieved September 4, 2016 .
personal data
SURNAME Tree bark, Diana
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American developmental psychologist
DATE OF BIRTH August 23, 1927
PLACE OF BIRTH New York City
DATE OF DEATH 13th September 2018