Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français (DEAF) , Heidelberg Academy of Sciences , is an etymological dictionary of Old French , which has been published in printed form since 1974 and as an online edition (DEAF électronique / DEAF él ) since 2010 . The project ends in December 2020. The DEAF editors are Thomas Städtler (head), Maud Becker, Sabine Tittel and Stephen Dörr. The editorial team will continue to be supported by Frankwalt Möhren (retired).

Project history

In the mid-1960s, Kurt Baldinger (Heidelberg) began to prepare an old French etymological dictionary, while Jean-Denis Gendron (Québec) tackled a similar project independently. Initially, neither of them knew anything about the other's work, until a joint project was launched on the occasion of the International Congress of Romance languages ​​in Bucharest in 1968 and on the initiative of Georges Straka (Strasbourg). Frankwalt Möhren , who was instrumental in developing the Heidelberg materials from the start, set up a joint research center in Québec ( Laval University ) and coordinated the cooperation there until 1975. After the funding by the Conseil des arts du Canada had ceased, the DEAF returned to Heidelberg, whereby the existing card box was completely transferred, but other materials remained. From 1977 the German Research Foundation (DFG) was the sponsor of the project, which now under the direction of Frankwalt Möhren experienced a phase of rebuilding and methodological deepening and Kurt Baldinger appeared for the first time as the sole author on the title page. In 1984, the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences took over the project (financed by the Federal and State Commission ), thereby enabling the editorial method to be sustainably improved, which has been considered mature since the mid-1990s. This was followed by productive years of continuous editing, but at the beginning of the new century a serious turning point when the originally planned and under the defined conditions as realistic end of the project (2050) was brought forward to 2025. This resulted in a modified working concept with the aim of taking the entire alphabet into account in the shorter time. This is where the electronic support options, which have been greatly expanded in previous years, came into play. From 2007, under the direction of Thomas Städtler, two correlating goals were taken into account: to take up those parts of the old French lexicon that had not been lexicographically adequately recorded up to then and at the same time to build up a powerful database “which, as a coordinate system for the experts, includes all materials of the DEAF makes available from A to Z as well as links these materials with all existing and emerging corpora and integrates the widely scattered specialist literature. ”In the course of a further shortening of the term to 2020, efforts to rationalize were further intensified, and from 2008 to 2010 In cooperation with the Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization (IPD, under the direction of Peter Lockemann ) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), the final changeover to electronically supported editing was carried out. The resulting dictionary articles have been available online since 2010.

Typology

Typologically, the DEAF can be classified as a descriptive dictionary of Old French with a linguistic focus, including encyclopedic aspects. The DEAF evaluates existing lexicography articles on (old) French, especially with regard to etymology and semantics . With its development of other dictionaries, the DEAF continues the procedure of the French etymological dictionary (FEW) by Walther von Wartburg , on which Kurt Baldinger had worked for many years. The concept is to use Old French primary literature, secondary literature and dictionaries to process the Old French vocabulary both semantically and in terms of subject matter: “All available materials are evaluated: dictionaries, glossaries, texts of a literary and non-literary nature. The card box currently contains 1.5 million notes, which refer to around 12 million receipts. From this mass, all old French words are represented with all their meanings and reduced to the article structure of the dictionary. "

The old French has been handed down in numerous text sources (currently known about 3000 primary sources ), from which the basis for the lexicographical processing results. The resulting macrostructure of DEAF currently (June 2020) comprises approx. 85,000 lemmas arranged according to word families . The main lemma or title word of an article is the word that has developed directly from the (mostly Latin) etymon or has been borrowed .

The microstructure of DEAF starts an etymological discussion. In addition to the critical assignment of the etymon, which also includes neighboring languages, the history of the words is made accessible in this part from a diachronic perspective. This is followed by the representation of the different graphic realizations of the lemma with the associated source references. The third section deals with the semantics of the title word. The phrastic ( Aristotelian-scholastic ) definition given for each meaning calls a generic term that is limited by features of meaning until the scope of meaning is clear ( genus proximum et differentiae specificae ), followed by the corresponding source references, the references to secondary literature as well as other dictionaries. For all derivatives belonging to the family of the title word , the sections on etymology and graphics and always on semantics. All source references are linked to the corresponding entries in the DEAF Bibliographical Supplement, which provides the relevant information (author, text dating, text localizations, manuscripts, etc.) for each source reference.

Meaning of the dictionary

Due to the linguistic orientation against a well-founded philological and medieval background and its proven structure, the DEAF is today one of the most important works of historical lexicography. By processing not only text corpora, but also relevant reference works such as Tobler-Lommatzsch , Godefroy and FEW , the DEAF represents a networking project that is unique in the history of Old French if not Romance lexicography, whose nomenclature also takes the entire alphabet into account. The cultural-historical load that the consistent contextualization of all word meanings brings with it has made DEAF known as a reference work far beyond the limits of Romanesque Medieval Studies .

Publications

Book publications

DEAF articles have been published on all letters of the alphabet, with only E – K (until the end of 2021 also D) available in printed form. The letters G – K fell into the first publication phase and were published in classic dictionary volumes:

  • Fascicle E1, 2019, fondé par Kurt Baldinger, continué par Frankwalt Möhren, publié sous la direction de Thomas Städtler, ISBN 978-3-11-063001-5 .
  • Fascicle F4-5, 2018, fondé par Kurt Baldinger, continué par Frankwalt Möhren, publié sous la direction de Thomas Städtler, ISBN 978-3-11-056973-5 .
  • Fascicle F3, 2016, fondé par Kurt Baldinger, continué par Frankwalt Möhren, publié sous la direction de Thomas Städtler, ISBN 978-3-11-034183-6 .
  • Fascicle F2, 2014, fondé par Kurt Baldinger, continué par Frankwalt Möhren, publié sous la direction de Thomas Städtler, ISBN 978-3-11-030834-1 .
  • Fascicle F1, 2012, par Th. Städtler, S. Dörr, Sabine Tittel, M. Kiwitt, F. Möhren, ISBN 978-3-484-50595-7 .
  • Volume G, 1974-1995, par K. Baldinger et al., ISBN 3-484-50082-4 .
  • Index G, 1997, par Martina Fietz-Beck, ISBN 3-484-50164-2 .
  • Volume H, 1997-2000, sous la direction philologique de Frankwalt Möhren, ISBN 3-484-50600-8 .
  • Index H, 2000, par Sabine Tittel, ISBN 3-484-50605-9 .
  • Volume I, 2001-2003, sous la direction de Frankwalt Möhren, ISBN 3-484-50606-7 .
  • Volume J - K, 2004-2008, par F. Möhren, Th. Städtler, S. Dörr, S. Tittel, ISBN 978-3-484-50613-8 .
  • Index I - J - K, 2010, par Sabine Tittel, ISBN 978-3-484-50617-6 .
  • Complément bibliographique, 1974, par Frankwalt Möhren, Québec (Laval) - Tübingen (Niemeyer) - Paris (Klincksieck).
  • Complément bibliographique, 1993, par Frankwalt Möhren, ISBN 3-484-50172-3 .
  • Complément bibliographique, 2007, par Frankwalt Möhren, ISBN 978-3-484-50616-9 .
  • Complément bibliographique, 2016, par Frankwalt Möhren, ISBN 978-3-11-044088-1 .
  • Complément bibliographique, version publiée en ligne depuis 2002 et continuellement mise à jour.

Online publications

Since 2010 DEAF has been publishing online as DEAF él .

DEAF él comprises articles from DEAF plus and DEAF pré , integrates the information from the bibliographical supplement in electronic form (DEAFBibl él ) and provides search functions.

DEAF plus represents the scientifically established dictionary in electronic form. It combines the genuinely digitally edited series of articles D – F with scans of the book publications by G – K (whose lemmas, graphic realizations and etyma can also be researched using the search function). The full retro-digitization of G – K will be completed by 2021.

In accordance with an agreement with the De Gruyter publishing house , each new delivery of DEAF is printed and published online as DEAF plus after a moving wall of two years .

DEAF pré includes that part of the alphabet (A – C and L – Z, plus parts from D – F) that cannot be scientifically processed due to the early sound time 2020/2021. DEAF pré makes the DEAF material collection accessible online in the form of semi-automatically generated and semantically roughly structured articles. It is a working tool, the information of which is not scientifically verified in the manner of DEAF, and which is constantly changing.

Electronic content management system and IT

An electronically supported editing system (DEAF-DWS, Sabine Tittel in cooperation with the Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization (IPD) at KIT) is used for article editing. DEAF-DWS only uses open source software and is also used for editing the Dictionnaire de l'ancien gascon électronique (DAGél) of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences . DEAF-DWS has an interface with the old French text corpus Documents linguistiques galloromans (DocLing), the materials of which are fully integrated into the DEAF pré articles . The DEAF plus articles are modeled as Linguistic Linked Open Data (LLOD) in Resource Description Framework (RDF) with Ontolex lemon as the core vocabulary.

Bibliographical supplement (Complément bibliographique)

The DEAF shows a compressed representation of the information that is typical for dictionaries. B. in the references to bibliographical symbols . The symbols are resolved using the Bibliographical Supplement (DEAFBibl): This tool, which has been developed by Frankwalt Möhren since the 1970s and which "lists all texts, all manuscripts and all editions, classifies them in the history of fine literature and specialist literature", provides detailed information on the date and location of each DEAF seal as well as a brief description and notes on the sources and the history of the edition. How much effort goes into this Complément bibliographique (which is only subordinate to DEAF in name) is described by F. Möhren in his foreword to the first edition (1993):

Chaque manuscrit est daté. Comme les éditions sont trop souvent très négligeantes sur ce point (omettant toute datation ou copiant celle de l'édition antérieure), il fallait vérifier des centaines, voire des milliers d'indications. A cette fin nous avons consulté les instruments de travail habituels, comparé des opinions divergentes, mené une correspondance étendue avec les bibliothèques du monde entier et effectué plusieurs voyages.

Since the DEAF symbols are based on those of the older main works of the old French lexicography, but do not correspond to them, the DEAF bibliography also provides a reading aid for other dictionaries by providing concordances between DEAF and 14 other dictionaries and reference works.

See also

Old French , Anglo-Norman , French Etymological Dictionary

literature

  • Carl T. Gossen: K. Baldinger, avec la collaboration de J.-D. Gendron et G. Straka: 'Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français (DEAF)' (Book Review). In: Vox Romanica. Volume 37, 1978, pp. 278-283.
  • Frankwalt Möhren: Le DEAF (Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français). In: K. Baldinger (Ed.): Bulletin des Jeunes Romanistes. Klinksieck, Strasbourg 1974.
  • Frankwalt Möhren: "L'avenir de la lexicologie historique - une prize de conscience" (Heidelberg, 28-30 June 2001), [avec la collaboration de Jean d'Yvoire]. In: Bulletin d'Information de la Mission historique française en Allemagne. Volume 37, 2001, pp. 95-100.
  • Frankwalt Möhren: Le Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français (DEAF). In: Académie des Inscriptions & Belles-Lettres. Comptes Rendus des séances de l'année 2006. Paris (Diff. De Boccard) [2006] 2009, pp. 2117-2129.
  • Max Pfister: K. Baldinger, avec la collaboration de J.-D. Gendron et G. Straka: 'Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français (DEAF)' (Book Review). In: Journal for Romance Philology. 1975, pp. 176-188.
  • Thomas Städtler: Le FEW et le DEAF. Une caractérisation contrastive. In: Cahiers de lexicologie. Volume 69, 1996, pp. 145-157.
  • Thomas Städtler: Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français (DEAF). Old French etymological dictionary. In: Volker Sellin, Eike Wolgast, Sebastian Zwies: The research projects of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences 1909–2009. Winter, Heidelberg 2009, pp. 179-184.
  • Thomas Städtler: About the impossibility of writing a dictionary of Old French. In: Stephen Dörr, Thomas Städtler (eds.): Ki bien voldreit raisun entender. Mélanges en l'honneur du 70 e anniversaire de Frankwalt carrots. (= Éditions de linguistique et de philologie; Bibliothèque de Linguistique Romane. 9). Strasbourg 2012, pp. 247-258.
  • Sabine Tittel: The "DEAF électronique" - un avenir pour la lexicographie. In: Revue de Linguistique Romane. Volume 74, 2010, pp. 301-311.
  • David A. Trotter: Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français (DEAF). By Kurt Baldinger. Publié sous la direction philologique de Frankwalt Möhren. Niemeyer, Tübingen / Presses unversitaires de Québec, Laval. H2: hardi-herbegier (1998). H3: hebergier-honte (1999). H4-5 honte-byne 2 (2000). xii PP. + 820 cols. [Review], In: French Studies. Volume LV, No. 4, October 2001, pp. 582-583. doi: 10.1093 / fs / LV.4.582

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b DEAFél. Retrieved December 4, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Canada Council
  3. ^ Thomas Städtler: Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français. Old French etymological dictionary . In: Volker Sellin et al. (Ed.): The research projects of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences 1909-2009 . Winter, Heidelberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-8253-5569-2 , pp. 179-184 .
  4. ↑ See yearbook of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences for 2001. P. 60f.
  5. ^ Thomas Städtler: Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français. Old French etymological dictionary . In: V. Sellin et al. (Ed.): The research projects of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences 1909-2009 . Winter, Heidelberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-8253-5569-2 , pp. 182 .
  6. ↑ a b c d DEAF: DEAF homepage. Retrieved October 17, 2019 .
  7. ↑ a b Bibliographical Supplement (DEAFBiblél). Retrieved December 4, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Frank Walt carrots: Le DEAF (Dictionnaire de l'ancien français étymologique) . In: Bulletin des jeunes romanistes . tape 18/19 , 1974, pp. 166 .
  9. ↑ Adolf Tobler: Tobler-Lommatzsch, Old French Dictionary: Adolf Tobler's post-processed materials and with the support of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . Weidmann, 1925, OCLC 67226895 .
  10. ^ Frédéric Godefroy: Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle . F. Vieweg, 1881, OCLC 470365033 .
  11. ^ David Trotter: Romance Research . tape 123 , 2011, p. 288-289 .
  12. ↑ Ralph Dutli: Fatrasien. Absurd poetry of the Middle Ages . Wallstein, Göttingen 2010, p. 138 .
  13. ^ Gilles Roques: Typology des glossaires des éditions de textes de français médiéval. Séminaire doctoral n ° 1: Langues et glossaires, Liège May 17, 2010 . In: Eurolab: Dynamique des langues vernaculaires dans l'Europe de la Renaissance. Acteurs et lieux . S. 6–7 (eurolab.meshs.fr).
  14. ^ Giovanni Palumbo: Medioevo Romanzo . tape 33 , 2009, p. 230 .
  15. ↑ Sabine Tittel,: Dynamic access to a static dictionary: A lexicographical "cathedral" lives to see the twenty-first century - the Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français . In: Sylviane Granger, Magali Paquot (Ed.): ELexicography in the 21st Century: New Challenges, New Applications, Proceedings of eLex 2009, Louvain-la-Neuve 22-24 October 2009, Cahiers du Cental . tape 7 , 2010, p. 295-302 .
  16. ↑ DAGél. Retrieved December 4, 2019 .
  17. ↑ Martin Glessgen, Sabine Tittel: Le Dictionnaire d'ancien Gascon électronique (dagel) . In: Roberto Antonelli, Martin Glessgen, Paul Videsott (eds.): Atti del XXVIII Congresso internazionale di linguistica e filologia romanza (Roma, 18-23 July 2016) . tape 1 . Société de Linguistique Romane / Éditions de linguistique et de philologie ELiPi, Bibliothèque de Linguistique Romane 15.1, Strasbourg 2018, p. 805-81 .
  18. ↑ DEAF-DWS DocLing interface
  19. ↑ DocLing. Retrieved December 4, 2019 .
  20. ↑ Sabine Tittel: Historical Corpus and Historical Dictionary: Merging two Ongoing Projects of Old French by Integrating their Editing Systems . In: Jaka Čibej, Vojko Gorjanc, Iztok Kosem, Simon Krek (eds.): Proceedings of the XVIIIth EURALEX International Congress: Lexicography in Global Contexts, July 17-21, Ljubljana, Slovenia . Ljubljana University Press, Faculty of Arts, Ljubljana 2018, p. 453-465 , doi : 10.13140 / RG.2.2.22835.12328 .
  21. ↑ Sabine Tittel, Christian Chiarcos: Historical Lexicography of Old French and Linked Open Data: Transforming the resources of the Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français with OntoLex-Lemon . In: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018). GLOBALEX Workshop (GLOBALEX-2018), 7-12 May 2018, Miyazaki, Japan . European Language Resources Association (ELRA), Paris 2018, p. 58-66 .
  22. ↑ Frank Walt carrots: Dictionnaire de l'ancien français étymologique. Complément bibliographique . Ed .: Kurt Baldinger. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1993, ISBN 3-484-50172-3 , p. XII .