Diogenes of Apollonia
Diogenes of Apollonia ( ancient Greek Διογένης ὁ Ἀπολλωνιάτης Diogénēs ho Apollōniátēs ; * approx. 499 BC in Apollonia Pontike ; † approx. 428 BC ) was an ancient Greek philosopher and doctor. As a supporter of the Ionian natural philosophy , he is counted among the pre-Socratics .
Life
Diogenes was born in Apollonia on the Black Sea (Greek Ἀπολλωνία Ποντική Apollōnía Pontikḗ ), today's city of Sozopol in Bulgaria, and spent most of his life there. His father, Apollothemis , was a well-known natural philosopher . There is no doubt that he became so unpopular during his stay in Athens that his life was at times in danger.
Teaching
Diogenes was a contemporary of Anaxagoras . Like the earlier Ionian natural philosopher Anaximenes , Diogenes considered the air to be the basic substance of the world, all things just to be of different concentrations of the air. Sludge, from which all living things emerge, is, for example, highly compressed air. While all individual things arise and pass away, the original material itself is immortal.
The most important similarity to the teaching of Anaxagoras is that Diogenes sees the nous as the trigger of this compression / uncompromising , an intelligent force that thus orders and rules the universe and thus brings forth thought, soul and life. Like many other Greek philosophers, Diogenes assumed an infinite series of worlds.
Works
His most important work was a natural-philosophical work, which was later cited under the title Περὶ φυσέως ("About nature", Latin De natura ) and of which considerable fragments have been preserved, mainly in Simplikios ' commentary on the physics of Aristotle . It is possible that Diogenes also wrote works entitled Against the Sophists and The Nature of Man . In addition, in his comedy The Clouds , Aristophanes probably alludes to the theories of Diogenes with the statements he puts in Socrates' mouth.
Text editions and translations
- Hermann Diels , Walther Kranz : The fragments of the pre-Socratics. Volume 2, 17th edition, Weidmann, Zurich and Hildesheim 1989, ISBN 3-296-12202-8 , pp. 51-69
- Laura Gemelli Marciano (Ed.): The pre-Socratics . Volume 3, Artemis & Winkler, Mannheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-538-03502-7 , pp. 222-299 (Greek source texts with German translation, explanations and introduction to life and work)
- André Laks : Diogène d'Apollonie. Edition, traduction et commentaire des fragments et des témoignages. Academia Verlag, Sankt Augustin 2008
literature
- André Laks : Diogène d'Apollonie. In: Richard Goulet (ed.): Dictionnaire des philosophes antiques. Volume 2, CNRS Éditions, Paris 1994, ISBN 2-271-05195-9 , pp. 801-802
- Christof Rapp : Pre-Socratics , Munich 1997
- Georg Rechenauer : Diogenes from Apollonia . In: Hellmut Flashar et al. (Ed.): Early Greek Philosophy (= Outline of the History of Philosophy . The Philosophy of Antiquity , Volume 1), Half Volume 2, Schwabe, Basel 2013, ISBN 978-3-7965-2598-8 , p. 811-832
- Wolfgang Wegner: Diogenes of Apollonia. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 307.
Web links
- Literature by and about Diogenes von Apollonia in the catalog of the German National Library
- Jason Dockstader: Diogenes of Apollonia. In: Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy .
- http://www.classicpersuasion.org/pw/diogenes/dldiogenes-ap.htm
Footnotes
- ↑ Diogenes of Apollonia, fragment DK 64 B 7f. (Simplikios, In physicam 153, 17 and 20).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Diogenes of Apollonia |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Greek natural philosopher and doctor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 499 BC Chr. |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Apollonia Pontica , ( Sozopol ) |
| DATE OF DEATH | around 428 BC Chr. |