Dipteros

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Dipteros

The Dipteros (from Greek δίπτερος - two-winged) is a type of the Greek temple . It is surrounded on all four sides by two pillars (Greek peristasis ). By doubling the position of the columns compared to the peripteros , the fronts and backs of at least eight columns resulted. Additional rows of columns can be inserted at the front and rear. A variant is the pseudodipteros , in which the inner column position is omitted.

The dipterus type was particularly widespread in the Ionian Asia Minor . Famous examples are

  • the temple of Hera III. (so-called Rhoikos Temple) in Heraion on Samos with its 8 × 21 outer and 6 × 19 inner columns, the eight-column front and the ten-column back,
  • his successor Heraion IV. , built under Polycrates , now with a nine-column rear hall,
  • the archaic and late classical Artemis temple in Ephesus , with 8 × 22 columns in the outer wreath, as well as front and rear halls of three column positions depth, stylobate dimensions approx. 55 × 115 meters
  • the archaic Temple of Apollo in Didyma , with 8 × 21 outer columns, eight-column front and nine-column rear hall
  • its Hellenistic successor with 10 × 21 outer columns
  • the Artemision in Sardis , which is quite a complex structure. A Dipteros with tripteral column positions on the front and back, the inner columns of the long sides are omitted, so that here about the second half of the 3rd century BC. A preliminary stage of the later pseudodipteros can be grasped.

The Olympieion in Athens was also planned as a Dipterus, and after a long construction period it was also consecrated under Emperor Hadrian in 131/132 AD.

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