Dmitri Dmitrievich Ivanenko

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Dmitri Dmitrijewitsch Iwanenko ( Russian Дмитрий Дмитриевич Иваненко ; born July 29, 1904 in Poltava ; † December 30, 1994 in Moscow ) was a Soviet theoretical physicist who dealt in particular with gravitation , quantum field theory and nuclear physics.

Ivanenko graduated from Leningrad University (graduated in 1927). Since 1943 he was a professor at the Lomonosov University in Moscow .

Since 1949 he was a member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences . In 1950 he received the state award.

With his college friend George Gamow he published in 1926 in the journal for physics about wave mechanics in the five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory . At the same time, both published a paper with Lew Landau in which they characterized physical theories that corresponded to the limit values ​​of the fundamental constants (Planck's constant, speed of light, gravitational constant). Landau ( Dau ), Gamow ( Jonny ) and Iwanenko ( Dymus ) were close friends at the time, called the three musketeers . With Wladimir Fock he published an essay on quantum gravity in 1929. Both also investigated the parallel transport of spinors in curved spacetime (Fock-Iwanenko coefficients). Also later, in the 1980s, he dealt with the quantum-theoretical formulation of gravitation, and developed gauge theories of gravitation with Sadanashvili .

In 1930 he and Viktor Hambarzumjan (Ambartsumian) suggested that not only (massless) photons can be generated and destroyed by interactions between elementary particles, but also massive particles, an idea on which modern quantum field theory is based.

In 1932 he was one of the first ( Werner Heisenberg and Ettore Majorana had similar ideas in the same year) who, after the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick (1932), proposed the neutron as a component of the nucleus (previously the nucleus was often made up of protons and Electrons built up in front of) similar to the proton, which solved the puzzle of the spin statistics of the nuclei. In the beta decay of the neutron, an electron would then be emitted, similar to a photon in quantum electrodynamics , which Enrico Fermi converted in 1934 into a field theory of weak interaction. In 1934 he proposed an exchange interaction between neutrons and protons in the nucleus (in collaboration with Tamm ), which was later expanded by Yukawa into a theory of nuclear forces through meson exchange. With E. Gapon he proposed an early shell model of the core.

In 1938 he developed a nonlinear generalization of the Dirac equation with which he, like Heisenberg, constructed nonlinear field theories of elementary particles in the 1950s.

In 1944 he published an article with Isaak Pomeranschuk in which they calculated the maximum acceleration energy of an electron in a betatron and at the same time predicted the synchrotron radiation . He carried out calculations for this with Arseni Alexandrowitsch Sokolow , with whom he also wrote a monograph on classical field theory and had published a lot on elementary particle physics since the 1930s - he also brought Sokolow to Lomonossow University as a colleague in the 1940s.

In 1959 he and others developed the theory of nuclei containing hyperons (hyper nuclei ), i.e. particles with a strange quark component. and in 1969 he proposed the existence of Quark stars.

Web links

Fonts

  • with Arsenij Alexandrowitsch Sokolow: Classical field theory, Akademie Verlag 1953
  • with G. Sardanashvili The gauge treatment of gravity , Physics Reports, Vol. 94, 1983, p. 1

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ z. B. Siegmund Brandt : The harvest of a century: discoveries of modern physics in 100 episodes , Oxford University Press 2008, p. 273
  2. ^ Fock, Iwanenko Zur Quantengeometrie , Physikalische Zeitschrift, Vol. 30, 1929, p. 648
  3. ^ Fock, Iwanenko Géometrie quantique linéaire et déplacement paralléle , Compt. Rend. Acad Sci. Paris, Vol. 188, 1929, p. 1470
  4. ↑ Ivanenko, Ambartsumian A Quantum Theoretical Comment on Unified Field Theory , Doklady USSR Acad. Sci., Ser. A, Vol. 3, 1930, pp. 45-49, the same Les électrons inobservables et les rayons , Compt. Rend. Acad Sci. Paris, Vol. 190, 1930, p. 582
  5. ↑ The nitrogen nucleus with 7 neutrons and 7 protons, for example, followed the Bose statistics .
  6. ^ Iwanenko The neutron hypothesis , Nature, Vol. 129, 1932, p. 798, see also Laurie Brown, Abraham Pais, Pippard Twentieth Century Physics , IOP Publishing, Vol. 3, p. 122
  7. ↑ Iwanenko Interaction of neutrons and protons , Nature, Vol. 133, 1934, pp. 981-982
  8. ↑ Gapon, Iwanenko on determining the number of isotopes , Naturwissenschaften, Vol. 20, 1932, p. 792
  9. ^ Pomeranchuk, Ivanenko On the maximum energy attainable in a betatron , Phys. Rev. Vol. 65, 1944, p. 344
  10. ↑ Ivanenko, Lyulka, Filimonow The theory of hypernuclei , Soviet Phys. Uspekhi, Vol. 2, 1959, p. 564
  11. ↑ Ivanenko, D. Kurdgelaidze Remarks on Quark Stars , Lett. Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 2, 1969, p. 13
personal data
SURNAME Ivanenko, Dmitri Dmitrievich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Иваненко, Дмитрий Дмитриевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION soviet physicist
DATE OF BIRTH July 29, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Poltava
DATE OF DEATH December 30, 1994
Place of death Moscow