Dmitri Ivanovich Vinogradov

Dmitri Vinogradov ( Russian Дмитрий Иванович Виноградов * 1720 in Suzdal , † August 25 ^{. Jul} / 5. September  1758 ^greg. In St. Petersburg ) was a Russian chemist and ceramist .

Life

Vinogradov was the son of the archpriest of the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Nativity in the Suzdal Kremlin . After graduating from school in Suzdal in 1732, he attended the Saikonospasskaja School of the Slavic - Greek - Latin Academy in Moscow , where he met Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov . As one of the 12 best graduates, he was sent to St. Petersburg in 1735 to study at the Academy of Sciences . There he, along with Lomonossow and Gustav Ulrich Raiser, was one of the top three who, at the request of the Senate , were sent to Christian Wolff at the University of Marburg in 1736 to study metallurgy . There they studied chemistry , mining , physics and other things and in 1739 switched to Johann Friedrich Henckel in Freiberg . In the summer and autumn of 1741 Winogradow visited the mines in Schneeberg , Johanngeorgenstadt and Annaberg .

Bowl (1749, Hermitage )

Winogradov's trademark

After his return to St. Petersburg, Vinogradov was first accepted into the mountain college with the appointment of mountain master. At the instigation of the cabinet secretary Baron Ivan Antonovich Cherkassov , Vinogradov was employed in the new Neva porcelain factory in November 1744 . There he was a student of porcelain master Christoph Conrad Hunger, who had been recruited by Empress Elisabeth from Stockholm and who had previously worked in the Meissen porcelain factory and in the Vienna porcelain factory . However, Hunger was a difficult person and knew too little about porcelain- making technology, so that when he was released in 1748, he left only a few cups of unsatisfactory quality. Winogradov scientifically examined the porcelain production process, analyzed the raw materials, made various experiments and developed his recipe for the production of the porcelain mass, which he noted in his own code and kept secret from his employees. 1746–1748 he made attempts to avoid deformations when firing , and he developed ceramic colors for painting porcelain. 1755–1757 he built a new type of large kiln and put it into operation successfully.

The increasing quality led to more orders, but Vinogradov received little recognition in comparison with higher-ranking foreign masters and the privileged Lomonosov. He became drunk, was constantly watched and guarded, and when he tried to escape he was chained. He wrote the detailed description of the pure porcelain, as it is made in Russia near St. Petersburg, with all related work . This incomplete summary of Winogradov's thirteen years of activity is the first theoretical work on ceramics in Europe. Vinogradov's work was continued by his student Nikita Woinow. Only 9 objects with Winogradov's trademark W have been preserved in the museums .

Web links

• Literature by and about Dmitri Ivanovich Winogradov in the bibliographic database WorldCat

Individual evidence

1. ↑ У ИСТОКОВ РУССКОГО ФАРФОРА ORIGINS OF RUSSIAN PORCELAIN (accessed June 4, 2019).
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Смирнова Е .: Дмитрий Виноградов (accessed June 4, 2019).
3. ^ Norbert Nail: Russi intra muros: Students from Saint Petersburg 1736-1739 with Christian Wolff in Marburg. On the 300th birthday of the polymath Michail Vasil'evič Lomonosov on November 19, 2011 . In: Student Courier . No. 1 , 2012, p. 15-19 .
4. ^ Wilhelm Mrazek: Viennese porcelain from the Du Paquiers manufacture . Publishing house of the Austrian Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna 1952, p. 2 ff .
5. ↑ State Hermitage Museum: Porcelain 1744–1801 (accessed June 4, 2019).
6. ↑ History of Imperial (Lomonosov) Porcelain - 10 (accessed June 4, 2019).