Dmitri Vladimirovich Skobelzyn

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Dmitri Vladimirovich Skobelzyn ( Russian Дмитрий Владимирович Скобельцын , English transcription: Dmitri Vladimirovich Skobeltsyn; born November 12 . Jul / 24. November  1892 . Greg in Saint Petersburg ; † 16th November 1990 in Moscow ) was a Russian physicist in the field the cosmic rays worked.

Live and act

Skobelzyn studied at the University of Saint Petersburg until 1915 , then worked at various educational institutions and worked from 1925 to 1939 at the Leningrad Physical and Technical Institute , later the Joffe Institute. In 1924 he began experimental investigations into the Compton effect with the Wilson cloud chamber . His results confirmed the validity of the Klein Nishina formula . In further experiments with the cloud chamber in 1927, he succeeded for the first time in detecting secondary particles of cosmic radiation, i.e. the traces of particle showers . He presented the results at a conference in London in 1928. In 1929 he was able to detect electrons on further cloud chamber recordings of particle tracks from cosmic radiation. With his discoveries, Skobelzyn became a pioneer of a special branch of experimental high-energy physics , the physics of cosmic rays. From 1929 to 1931 he worked at the invitation of Marie Curie as a visiting scholar at the Sorbonne in Paris. From 1935 onwards, at the suggestion of SI Wawilow, he worked temporarily at the Lebedev Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Moscow, where he supervised a group of younger scientists. At the end of the 1930s, he then switched completely to the Lebedev Institute, where he became department head. In 1936 he published a monograph on cosmic rays. His research in the 1930s and 1940s focused on a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of formation of secondary cosmic rays. In 1940 he founded a chair for nuclear physics at the Faculty of Physics at Lomonosov University in Moscow . After the end of the Second World War he became the founding director of the Institute for Nuclear Physics at this university, whose director he was until 1960. After SI Wawilow's death in 1951, he also became director of the Lebedev Institute. He held this position until 1973.

Skobelzyn received numerous awards and honors. In 1951 he received the Stalin Prize and in 1982 the Lenin Prize. In 1952 he was honored with the S. I. Wawilow gold medal of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In 1939 he became a corresponding and in 1946 a full member of the Academy of Sciences. In 1957 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Académie des sciences . He campaigned for the peaceful use of nuclear energy and has participated in the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs several times since 1957 . He was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR .

honors and awards

Skobelzyn received the following awards:

Since 2009, the Russian Academy of Sciences has awarded the Skobelzyn Gold Medal for outstanding achievements in the field of elementary particle physics and cosmic rays.

literature

  • G. Zatsepin, G. Khristiansen: Dmitri V. Skobeltsyn . In: Physics Today . tape 45 , no. 5 , 1992, pp. 74-76 , doi : 10.1063 / 1.2809673 .
  • GA Bazilevskaya: Skobeltsyn and the early years of cosmic particle physics in the Soviet Union . In: Astroparticle Physics . tape 53 , January, 2014, pp. 61–66 , doi : 10.1016 / j.astropartphys.2013.05.007 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ D. Skobelzyn: About a new kind of very fast β-rays . In: Journal of Physics . tape 54 , no. 9-10 , 1929, pp. 686-702 .
  2. ↑ Academy members since 1724: Skobelzyn, Dmitry Vladimirovich. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed May 31, 2018 (Russian).
  3. ↑ Dmitri Skobelzyn on the WarHeroes page. Retrieved October 12, 2018 (Russian).
  4. ↑ D. W. Skobelzyn Gold Medal. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed May 31, 2018 (Russian).
personal data
SURNAME Skobelzyn, Dmitri Vladimirovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Дмитрий Владимирович Скобельцын (Russian); Dmitri Vladimirovich Skobeltsyn (English transcription)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian physicist
DATE OF BIRTH November 24, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH November 16, 1990
Place of death Moscow