Dornstetter Waldgeding

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The Dornstetter Waldgeding was a cooperative in the Black Forest that existed from the Middle Ages until the 19th century to use the forest. The places belonging to it were in the headwaters of the Glatt .

area

The Dornstetter Waldgeding area comprised two different areas: Some localities were directly subordinate to the Waldgeding ( Aach , Benzingerhof, Dietersweiler, Grüntal , Hallwangen, Untermusbach and Wittlensweiler). Legal disputes in this area were resolved once a year at a court meeting in Aach.

Other localities belonged indirectly to the Waldgeding (areas and markings of Dornstetten, the upper Murgtal with Baiersbronn , the Kniebis monastery as well as Glatten , Schopfloch , Tumlingen and Hörschweiler). These places shared many, if not all, forest property and forest use rights with the forest property locations. Village settlements were delimited with wooden fences and hedges, thereby legally delimiting the village area; Legal disputes within these so-called etters were dealt with in their own courts, rule violations outside the etters were dealt with in Aach. These own dishes were probably created after the demise of the Count Palatine of Tübingen , who had been the central power in the vast area of ​​the Waldgedings in the High Middle Ages.

history

The first documented information about the Dornstetter Waldgeding, which was presumably long in existence at the time, dates from around 1428, when his rights were written down in a so-called “ Weistum ”. In the middle of the 16th century, his rights were also mentioned quite generally in a description of the Württemberg forests. Another century later, the court system was revised up to date. When in 1834 the state left large forest areas as property to the individual authorized communities, the forest property came to an end as agreed. The forest district of Waldgedings may have its origins in a Carolingian royal forest, which was established in the wake of the final occupation of Alemannia by the Franks after the Cannstatter Bloody Sunday in 746. On the other hand, there are boundary descriptions for the expansion of the forest thing that were more likely to have originated in the High Middle Ages , i.e. not in the early Middle Ages of the Carolingian era.

Rights of use and obligations

The rights to use the forest property were not small. Every member of the family had the right to get their timber and firewood from the forest. In the wisdom of 1428 this was still possible tax-free, later on for a small fee. A levy called a forest owner (which meant the grain oats ) was due annually as soon as someone built a house in the Waldgeding area. With the forest owner tax, the donor was then allowed to claim all rights to use the forest property. Everyone had the right to hunt “harmful” animals such as fox , wolf , bear , wild boar and all birds . Everyone was even allowed to hunt rabbits "for himself and his own" with impunity. A special permit was only required for stalking red deer such as deer and roe deer . Water was not only allowed to irrigate the meadow grounds, but every member of the forest thing was allowed to catch fish in the streams as they pleased. Pasture and heather were open to everyone. As much as one could bring cattle over the winter, it was allowed to be herded to pasture in summer. Mowing heather and wild hay was also allowed "up to the churchyard wall at Igelsberg", where the border of the forest thing might have been.

The duties of those entitled to forest property to their rule were no different. The individual localities were only obliged to help each other among themselves. They also had to step in with weapons if enemy attacks threatened.

Jurisprudence

An "uncovered courtyard" in Aach served as the place of jurisdiction for the forest property, which was only exchanged for a "covered area" in rainy weather. This farm probably belonged to the Gasthaus zur Sonne in Aach, today's Gasthof Waldgericht , where the sign of a sanctuary for criminals can still be seen today.

The court consisted of twelve judges who came from the Waldgedingsorten. A bailiff from Dornstetten, who was appointed by the respective lord of Dornstetten, was in charge.

Judgment days were May Day (May 1st) and Gallus Day (October 16). On those days everyone wandered there with a case to be brought forward. Discussions were given on "inheritance and property", on offenses related, among other things, to "game, water and pasture". The court had the power to impose almost any kind of penalty. The death penalty was only pronounced by the Dornstetter court, although the execution of the sentence could again be carried out by Waldgedings residents. In addition to the legal cases from the forest property, the court also decided on violations of the forest use rights in the already mentioned wide range, which the court had been made aware of through the so-called complaint. If a single day was not enough for the cases presented, the court session was continued a little later in Dornstetten, if possible also in the open air.

literature

  • Kerstin Arnold: Peasant life and striving for power. Social structure, economic conditions and rulership structures in the northern Black Forest (8th-16th centuries). Tübingen 2002.
  • Manfred Eimer: On the history of the Dornstetter Waldgedings. In: Württemberg quarterly books for regional history. 37 (1931). Pp. 205-226.
  • Rudolf Kiess: The Dornstetter Waldgeding. In: Journal for Württemberg State History. 53rd year (1994). Pp. 11-25.
  • Sönke Lorenz , Axel Kuhn: Baiersbronn - From the royal forest to the climatic health resort. Stuttgart 1992.
  • Sönke Lorenz, Michael Matzke (Ed.): First Northern Black Forest Symposium: Settlement History and Forms of Forest Use. Freudenstadt 1997.
  • Johannes Wößner, Karl Bohn: Home book of the city and the old office Dornstetten. Dornstetten 1968.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Kerstin Arnold: Peasant life and striving for power. Social structure, economic conditions and rulership structures in the northern Black Forest (8th-16th centuries). Tübingen 2002. p. 9.
  2. ^ Arnold: Peasant Life. P. 9, p. 75 f.
  3. ^ Arnold: Peasant Life. P. 83.
  4. ↑ Wisdom. Ges. By Jacob Grimm. Volume 1. Göttingen 1840, pp. 380-387. Retrieved March 29, 2014 from Google Books .
  5. ^ Arnold: Peasant Life. P. 8, p. 11 f.
  6. ^ Arnold: Peasant Life. P. 69.
  7. ↑ Rudolf Kiess: The Dornstetter Waldgeding. In: Journal for Württemberg State History. 53rd year (1994). P. 25.
  8. ^ Kiess: Waldgeding. P. 25.
  9. ↑ a b Sönke Lorenz, Axel Kuhn: Baiersbronn - From the royal forest to the climatic health resort. Stuttgart 1992, p. 42.
  10. ↑ a b Arnold: Bauernleben. P. 66.
  11. ^ Sönke Lorenz, Axel Kuhn: Baiersbronn - From the royal forest to the climatic health resort. Stuttgart 1992, p. 40.
  12. ↑ a b Sönke Lorenz, Axel Kuhn: Baiersbronn - From the royal forest to the climatic health resort. Stuttgart 1992, p. 41.