Dresden suburban train
| Dresden suburban train | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Route of the Dresden suburban railway with stops.
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| Route length: | from Leuben to Kleinzschachwitz 5.89 km | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gauge : | 1000 mm (until 1924) 1450 mm |
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| Power system : | 500 V = (until 1924) 600 V = |
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The Dresdner Vorortsbahn ( sic , with s ) was on the one hand a tram company in what is now Dresden's southeast. On the other hand, it is used to describe the meter-gauge interurban tram in the then independent communities from Laubegast via Leuben and Niedersedlitz to Kleinzschachwitz . The company was founded in 1899 by Oskar Ludwig Kummer and after his bankruptcy in 1902 it was bought out of the bankruptcy estate by the municipality of Leuben, which became the owner and operator of the railway. In 1905 she incorporated the tram operation into the community association of Kleinzschachwitz and Leuben. In 1921, with the incorporation of the places Laubegast, Leuben and Kleinzschachwitz, the city of Dresden became the operator of the suburban railway, which gauged this route in Dresden city gauge (1450 mm) until 1924. It was not until 1926 that the former Leuben and later the municipal tram office, which had to be established by the Dresden city administration to operate the route in 1921, was incorporated into the Dresden city tram . In 1936 a direct connection to Kleinzschachwitz was built from Leuben and the connection between Niedersedlitz and Kleinzschachwitz was closed. The Dresden suburban railway is now part of the route network of the Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe AG and is served by two cross-city lines.
Concept of grief and construction of the first stretch
Superordinate transport network
Numerous factories were built along the railway line from Dresden to Bohemia in the 1870s . Among other things, Oskar Ludwig Kummer founded a large company for electrical engineering in Niedersedlitz (today Sachsenwerk ). At the same time, larger settlements arose between the Elbe and the railway line from the villages of Laubegast , Leuben , Seidnitz , Mügeln , Kleinzschachwitz and Großzschachwitz . From 1895, Kummer therefore planned to build a tram network that would connect these places with the railway and other places in the Dresden area. This overland tram network should run from Niedersedlitz via Kreischa to Deuben and on the other side of the Elbe from Loschwitz via Pillnitz to Pirna . A ferry that could be used by tram between Kleinzschachwitz and Hosterwitz was to connect the routes on both sides of the Elbe. A connection between Klotzsche and Albertstadt was also part of the concept and a cable car to Borsberg .
From 1898 Kummer negotiated with the municipalities and had some of the routes approved, such as the Loschwitz – Pillnitz suburban railway , but had to give up other projects such as the cable car, the route to Pirna and Deuben.
Dresden suburban train
The routes from Leuben are different: thanks to the energetic community council Dittrich of the Leuben community, not only despite the now recognizable economic difficulties of the Kummer company, the route Laubegast – Leuben – Niedersedlitz – Kleinzschachwitz, a basic variant of a higher-level network or a circular route , completely planned, in 1899 the construction of the connections to Laubegast (Dresden tram network) and Niedersedlitz (industrial companies and train station), which are particularly advantageous for Leuben, takes place, as well as the approval of the now skeptical Saxon approval authorities.
Despite all the existing skepticism on the part of the authorities, the Niedersedlitz – Leuben – Laubegast line with a gauge of 1,000 mm was opened by the Kummer company on December 29, 1899 , and scheduled operations began the following day. The line was initially single-track, 3.632 km long and had five passing points.
The railcars were operated with 500 V direct current, the supply was initially provided by the power station in Kummer's factory. In Laubegast there was a connection to the route of the Dresden tram company . Soon the wagons were popularly known as "tree frogs" because of their green and white color scheme. The depot was initially (until 1903) on the Kummers premises. Although the route allowed a 15-minute cycle without any problems, it was operated with two railcars every 20 minutes due to the traffic demand: The two cars always met in the siding "Marktplatz Leuben", which also the safety of the ongoing operations guaranteed inexpensive.
In community ownership
After Kummer's bankruptcy, the project for the line from Niedersedlitz to Kreischa was realized by a community association as the Lockwitztalbahn . The route from Laubegast to Niedersedlitz went to the municipality of Leuben with management on July 1, 1902. Energy was supplied via the Tolkewitz power station owned by Dresdner Straßenbahn AG. A vehicle hall was built in 1903 in Bahnhofsstraße, today Stephensonstraße, until then a hall was used on the former Kummerwerke site.
From 1904 onwards, Kleinzschachwitz tried to implement the route to Niedersedlitz planned by Kummer and engaged the engineer Johannes Schwarz, who was already involved in the project under Kummer. Therefore, Kleinzschachwitz accepted Leuben's proposal to form a community association and to transfer the management of the community from Leuben to this association. This was founded in 1905 and started work: parallel to the construction of the line in 1906, the previous terminus in Niedersedlitz was relocated to the station forecourt. Together with the rebuilding of the long-distance railway station, which also took place in 1906, and the construction of the Lockwitztalbahn, a traffic junction was created in Niedersedlitz. Lockwitztalbahn and Dresdner Vorortbahn shared the tracks of the transfer systems in Niedersedlitz. On October 17, 1906, the connection to Kleinzschachwitz was opened.
Three used railcars from Plauen were acquired for operation. Initially, a line ran continuously from Kleinzschachwitz to Laubegast every 15 minutes. However, since most of the passengers switched to the railroad in Niedersedlitz, the route was divided into two lines in 1918, each ending in Niedersedlitz. By 1921 the number of railcars rose to a total of ten.
A direct connection between Laubegast and Kleinzschachwitz, use as a freight tram and an extension of the urban tram from Seidnitz to Leuben were requested and requested several times by the suburban railway, but postponed again and again until the First World War ended the efforts for the time being. The extension of the tram to the Kleinzschachwitz ferry , planned in 1913 , was also not implemented due to objections from residents. From 1916 to 1923 the suburban railway also transported mail to Leuben and Laubegast.
On April 1, 1921, Leuben, Laubegast and Kleinzschachwitz were incorporated into Dresden. The city initially took over the further operation of the tram. A gauge change was planned to integrate the suburban railway into the urban network , and construction work was necessary due to the poor condition of the older line. The route from Laubegast to Niedersedlitz was re-gauged from April to November 1924, with only a short section being built and traffic being maintained on the rest of the route. In addition, a track loop was created in Niedersedlitz.
This was followed by the re-gauging of the route to Kleinzschachwitz, which was extended to the ferry. The end point there was now called " Zschieren ". During the re-gauging period, the extension from Seidnitz to Leuben (integration into the suburban railway at the Leuben cemetery) was realized. Subsequently, the urban lines 19 from Laubegast and 12 from Seidnitz were led to Niedersedlitz.
The section of Niedersedlitz – Kleinzschachwitz continued to be operated by the city, as it ran from the then unincorporated Niedersedlitz through the also not yet incorporated towns of Zschieren and Großzschachwitz , using rented railcars from the Dresden City Tram.
In 1926 the transition to the Dresden urban tram was completed and the tram office, which had existed from 1921 and was exclusively responsible for the operation of the Dresden suburban railway, could be dissolved.
The Dresden suburban railway to the present day
The construction of the route through Königsallee (today: Berthold-Haupt-Strasse, opening December 12, 1936) turned the previous route from Leuben into a tram network, which was subsequently always used by diameter lines and is now part of the route network of Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe AG is.
On November 13, 1932, the section from Niedersedlitz to Zschieren was finally completely discontinued and initially replaced by buses from Line V. However, this only existed until the opening of the route from Altleuben to Kleinzschachwitz along Königsallee. From 1942, the tracks between Zschieren and Niedersedlitz (except for stump tracks) were expanded and were used for other purposes as old rails in the network.
Due to the single track, the management with the high volume of rush hour traffic turned out to be complicated, especially after 1945, so that the routes of the former suburban railway were expanded to double track in several stages and over several decades until 2006. It began in 1924 with a 244-meter-long connection to the Laubegast forester's lodge and a longer section in Leuben, followed in 1926 by the section from the Leuben cemetery (the stop was converted into an alternative point), and until 1931 the double-track section was extended to Klettestraße, it was also created the turning loop (block bypass) Klettestrasse on the Leuben – Niedersedlitz section of the route, which is still maintained today as an operating route. It was not until 1992 that the line from Klettestraße to Niedersedlitz was double-tracked, followed by Berthold-Haupt-Straße in 1996 and Leubener Straße in 2006. In this context, the two-pronged connection from Laubegast to Niedersedlitz was supplemented by a similar direction to Seidnitz.
In the 1970s and early 1980s, the city pursued the plan to build the large Leuben tram depot in Altelbarm. For this purpose, a single-track right and left junction were inserted into the single-track route in Leubener Straße. The plans were given up as early as 1990, and the track junctions were finally expanded again unused by 1996 at the latest.
The tram station on Stephensonstrasse was used to park old vehicles after the gauge change and was initially rented out in 1933 and sold in 1938. It was preserved and today houses the regional association of the Johanniter , as well as a rescue station of the Maltese .
With the opening of the DVB bus route 96 in 2000, a public transport connection was only set up again 64 years later on the Kleinzschachwitz - Niedersedlitz section of the former suburban railway. Today bus route 88 operates on this section.
literature
- Mario Schatz: Meter gauge trams in Dresden. Kenning, Nordhorn 2007, ISBN 978-3-933613-76-9 .
Web links
- Vorortsbahn in Stadtteile-Dresden.de Retrieved on November 1, 2016 (incorrect spelling there - without s )
- On the trail of former Dresden tram routes , on architektur-forum.de . Photos and information (including line tables, plug-in signs and then-now comparisons ):