Janah ad-Daula

Dschanah ad-Daula Hussein ibn Mulaib ( DMG Ǧanāḥ ad-Dawla Ḥusayn ibn Mulāʿib ; † May 1, 1103 in Homs ) was an Atabeg in the service of the Seljuks and a prince of Homs. In historiography he is known almost exclusively by his honorary name (laqab) .

Life

Dschanah ad-Daula was once appointed by the Seljuq emir of Syria Tutusch I († 1095) to the Atabeg of his eldest son Radwan . However, the emir's death sparked personal ambitions for power by marrying Radwan's now widowed mother and seizing power in Aleppo himself. Radwan allied against him with Yaghi-Siyan and together they were able to drive the old Atabeg from Aleppo. Janah ad-Daula was then able to seize the castle of Homs , which he made the residence of his own principality.

In 1098 Janah ad-Daula participated in the army of Kerboga in the battle for Antioch against the Crusaders . In 1102 he made an attempt to relieve the besieged Tripoli , but his army was defeated by Raymond of Saint-Gilles . When the Franconian then put Hisn al-Akrād (Krak des Chevaliers) under siege, Janah ad-Daula intended to relieve this castle too, but that never happened. On May 1, 1103 he was stabbed to death by three Persian "Batinites" after the Friday prayer at the start of the campaign while leaving the great mosque of Homs. These were led by an "old man" ( šaiḫ ) , who must have been the "wise astrologer" , the leader of this Shiite group in Syria. This in turn belonged to the entourage of Radwan in Aleppo, which is why this was suspected in public opinion as the actual commissioner of the act.

The assassination attempt on Janah ad-Daula was the first attack in Syria to be carried out by the Shiite faction of the Nizarites , who were known as "Batinites" by Muslim authors of the time and who were later referred to by Christians as " Assassins ". Anarchy broke out in Homs during the attack, resulting in a pogrom against the Nizarite community there. Dschanah ad-Daula's widow has invited her son Radwan to rule Homs, but his half-brother Duqaq, who ruled Damascus , and his Atabeg Tughtigin acted faster and occupied the city and castle before him.

literature

• Farhad Daftary , The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge University Press 1990, p. 333.
• Steven Runciman , A History of the Crusades, German translation: Geschichte der Kreuzzüge, 4th edition 2003, pp. 204, 234, 325, 368–371, 429.

swell

• Abū Yaʿlā ibn Asad ibn al-Qalānisī , “Continuation of the story of Damascus” (Ḏail taʾrīḫ Dimašq), ed. and translated into English by Hamilton AR Gibb , The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades (1932), pp. 57-58.
• Abū l-Fidāʾ , “A Brief History of Mankind” (al-Mukhtaṣar fī akhbār al-bashar), in: RHC, Historiens Orientaux , Vol. 1 (1872), pp. 3, 7.
• ʿIzz ad-Dīn Abūʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Athīr , "The Perfect Chronicle" (Al-Kāmil fī ʾt-taʾrīḫ), in: RHC, Historiens Orientaux, Vol. 1 (1872), pp. 194, 197, 207, 213.
• Shams ad-Dīn Abūʾl-Muẓaffar Yūsuf ibn Qızoġly ibn ʿAlī Sibṭ ibn al-Ǧauzi , “Mirror of the times with regard to the history of eminent personalities” (Mirʾāt az-zamān fī taʾrīḫ al-aʿyān), in: RHC, Historiens Orientaux, vol. 3 (1884), pp. 523-526.
• Kamāl ad-Dīn ʿUmar ibn Aḥamd ibn al-ʿAdīm , “The cream of milk from the story of Aleppo” (Zubdat al-ṭalab min taʾrīḫ Ḥalab), in: RHC, Historiens Orientaux, Vol. 3 (1884), p. 578– 583, 587-592.