You'uzu
Du'uzu (also Dumuzi, SIPA d dumu-zi ik-ka-mu-u ; month of the capture / death of Dumuzi ) was the Akkadian name of the fourth month in the Babylonian calendar . Since, according to the Babylonian sources, the month of Nisannu was either the first new light or the first full moon of spring , the month of Du'uzu usually began on June 4th at the earliest and July 17th at the latest .
Scheduled switching cycle from 424 BC Chr.
In 424 BC Chr. Became of Artaxerxes I introduced a scheduled switching cycle. In years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14 and 19, the month Addaru II was inserted ; in the 17th year, on the other hand, as the 13th month of Ululu II . The successors of Artaxerxes I also followed the circuit diagram. In contrast to the earlier circuits, the first new light or the first full moon fell in the Du'uzu from the beginning of summer (June 22nd).
Due to the planned circuits of the first day of the month from Du'uzu was only a fluctuation band of 28 days (17 for the time in June to 15 July ); the average was 14 days (July 1st). After 19 years the next switching cycle began, which again showed the same dates.
Switching cycle in the Babylonian calendar | |||||
Cycle year | Dating | Leap month | Beginning of the leap month | Beginning of the month of Du'uzu | Cycle year |
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See also
literature
- Lis Brack-Bernsen: On the emergence of the Babylonian moon theory - observation and theoretical calculation of moon phases . Steiner, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-515-07089-3 .
- Hermann Hunger : Calendar . In: Dietz-Otto Edzard u. a .: Real Lexicon of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology , Vol . 5 . de Gruyter, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-1100-7192-4 , pp. 297-303.
- Jean Meeus : Astronomical Algorithms - Applications for Ephemeris Tool 4,5 . Barth Leipzig 2nd edition 2000, ISBN 3-335-00400-0 .
- Otto Neugebauer : A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy . Springer, Berlin 1975 (reprint 2006, ISBN 3-540-06995-X ).
- Otto Neugebauer: The exact sciences in antiquity . Brown University Press, New-York 1957 (Reprint 2004, Dover Publications, ISBN 0-486-22332-9 ).
- Richard Anthony Parker , Waldo H. Dubberstein: Babylonian Chronology 626 BC - AD 75 . Brown University Press, Rhode Island 1956
Remarks
- ↑ a b c d Dating in the Gregorian calendar taking into account the cross-day system of the Babylonian calendar.
- ↑ Hermann Hunger: Calendar . P. 298.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Date specification in the Gregorian calendar : in the Julian calendar system 5 days are to be added to the Gregorian date. The date is based on NASA information ( Memento from November 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) taking into account the T-Delta. For Babylonia, the time zone surcharge of 3 hours must be taken into account for Universal Time (UT); according to Jean Meeus : Astronomical Algorithms - Applications for Ephemeris Tool 4,5 - , Barth, Leipzig 2000 for: Ephemeris Tool 4,5 according to Jean Meeus, conversion program, 2001 .