Tebetu

Tebetu (also Tebet, Kanun, Kanunu, Kinunu, AB ; month of the (portable) brazier ) was the Akkadian name of the tenth month in the Babylonian calendar . Since the month of Tašritu, according to the Babylonian sources, was either the first new light or the first full moon of autumn , the month of Tebetu normally began on December 6th at the earliest and January 11th at the latest .

Scheduled switching cycle from 424 BC Chr.

In 424 BC Chr. Became of Artaxerxes I introduced a scheduled switching cycle. In years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14 and 19, the month Addaru II was inserted ; in the 17th year, on the other hand, as the 13th month of Ululu II . The successors of Artaxerxes I also followed the circuit diagram. Similar to the earlier circuits, the first new light or the first full moon fell in the Tebetu from the beginning of winter (December 21/22).

Due to the scheduled switching, there was only a fluctuation range of 28 days for the first day of the month ( December 13th  to January 10th  ); the average was 14 days (December 27). After 19 years the next switching cycle began, which again showed the same dates.

Switching cycle in the Babylonian calendar
Cycle year	Dating	Leap month	Beginning of the leap month	Beginning of the month of Tebetu	Cycle year
19th	425 to 424 BC Chr.	Addaru II	March 18, 424 BC Chr.	January 7, 423 BC Chr.	1
1	424 to 423 BC Chr.	without leap month	---	December 27, 423 BC Chr.	2
2	423 to 422 BC Chr.	without leap month	---	December 16, 422 BC Chr.	3
3	422 to 421 BC Chr.	Addaru II	March 14, 421 BC Chr.	January 3, 420 BC Chr.	4th
4th	421 to 420 BC Chr.	without leap month	---	December 24, 420 BC Chr.	5
5	420 to 419 BC Chr.	without leap month	---	December 13, 419 BC Chr.	6th
6th	419 to 418 BC Chr.	Addaru II	March 12, 418 BC Chr.	December 31, 418 BC Chr.	7th
7th	418 to 417 BC Chr.	without leap month	---	December 20, 417 BC Chr.	8th
8th	417 to 416 BC Chr.	Addaru II	March 18, 416 BC Chr.	January 8, 415 BC Chr.	9
9	416 to 415 BC Chr.	without leap month	---	December 28, 415 BC Chr.	10
10	415 to 414 BC Chr.	without leap month	---	December 18, 414 BC Chr.	11
11	414 to 413 BC Chr.	Addaru II	March 15, 413 BC Chr.	January 5, 412 BC Chr.	12
12	413 to 412 BC Chr.	without leap month	---	December 25, 412 BC Chr.	13
13	412 to 411 BC Chr.	without leap month	---	December 15, 411 BC Chr.	14th
14th	411 to 410 BC Chr.	Addaru II	March 13, 410 BC Chr.	January 3, 409 BC Chr.	15th
15th	410 to 409 BC Chr.	without leap month	---	December 22, 409 BC Chr.	16
16	409 to 408 BC Chr.	---	without leap month	January 10, 407 BC Chr.	17th
17th	408 to 407 BC Chr.	Ululu II	September 13, 408 BC Chr.	December 30, 407 BC Chr.	18th
18th	407 to 406 BC Chr.	without leap month	---	December 19, 406 BC Chr.	19th
19th	406 to 405 BC Chr.	Addaru II	March 18, 405 BC Chr.	January 7, 404 BC Chr.	1
19th	387 to 386 BC Chr.	Addaru II	March 18, 386 BC Chr.	January 7, 385 BC Chr.	1
6th	362 to 361 BC Chr.	Addaru II	March 12, 361 BC Chr.	December 31, 361 BC Chr.	7th

See also

• Tevet

literature

• Lis Brack-Bernsen: On the emergence of the Babylonian moon theory - observation and theoretical calculation of moon phases . Steiner, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-515-07089-3 .
• Hermann Hunger : Calendar . In: Dietz-Otto Edzard u. a .: Real Lexicon of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology , Vol . 5 . de Gruyter, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-1100-7192-4 , pp. 297-303.
• Jean Meeus : Astronomical Algorithms - Applications for Ephemeris Tool 4,5 . Barth Leipzig 2nd edition 2000, ISBN 3-335-00400-0 .
• Otto Neugebauer : A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy . Springer, Berlin 1975 (reprint 2006, ISBN 3-540-06995-X ).
• Otto Neugebauer: The exact sciences in antiquity . Brown University Press, New-York 1957 (Reprint 2004, Dover Publications, ISBN 0-486-22332-9 ).
• Richard Anthony Parker , Waldo H. Dubberstein: Babylonian Chronology 626 BC - AD 75 . Brown University Press, Rhode Island 1956

Remarks

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Dating in the Gregorian calendar taking into account the cross-day system of the Babylonian calendar.
2. ↑ Hermann Hunger: Calendar . P. 298.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag} Date information in the Gregorian calendar : in the Julian calendar system , 5 days must be added to the Gregorian date . The date is based on NASA information ( Memento from November 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) taking into account the T-Delta. For Babylonia, the time zone surcharge of 3 hours must be taken into account for Universal Time (UT); according to Jean Meeus : Astronomical Algorithms - Applications for Ephemeris Tool 4,5 - , Barth, Leipzig 2000 for: Ephemeris Tool 4,5 according to Jean Meeus, conversion program, 2001 .