DubrawLag

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DubrawLag , or seldom also oak grove camp , was a special camp of the MWD for political prisoners in Subowa Polyana Raion . These special bearings with strict regime were in the post-war period from 1948 through the Ministry of Interior MWD created (ex. NKVD) specific equipment generally gulag system in the Soviet Union .

designation

DubrawLag, Russian Дубравлаг, was originally called Ossoblag No. 3 , d. H. Special camp No. 3 (from особый лагерь № 3, особлаг № 3). DubrawLag comes from Дубравный лагерь, d. H. Dubrawny Lager or Eichenhainlager The full full name was Дубравный ИТЛ for Дубравный исправительно-трудовой лагерь - Dubrawny reforming and labor camp (oak grove).

The telegraph code was Дубрава d. H. Dubrawa (from May 10, 1948 or Дубравный, i.e. as adjective "Dubrawny" from January 15, 1949). It can be assumed that the name Dubrawny Lager , which was also used from this point in time, comes from this code, which - as in other cases - was assigned later and mostly without reference to reality; However, it is also pointed out that not far from the camp, behind the rajon borders in the Penza Oblast , there is a small settlement Dubrowki.

history

The DubrawLag camp was founded on February 28, 1948 on the basis of Decree No. 00219 of the Ministry of the Interior MWD of February 21, 1948 and was in operation until the 1960s, but from 1954 reorganized into a corrective labor camp (ITL) . It was in Subowa Polyana Raion in the Mordovian ASSR , the camp administration was in the village of Jawas .

DubrawLag was created on the site of the TemLag camp (Temnikowski ITL, 1931-1948) through the integration and takeover of this camp (and at the same time the Temnikowski children's colony there), the head of which was commissioned to set up DubrawLag. The resolution of the TemLag camp was decided on July 12, 1947 and was intended to accelerate the construction of the special camp; In the process, prisoners, the area, apartments and other facilities of the TemLag were transferred to the new special camp No. 3.

The Ministry of Justice (MJu) took over some camp departments (especially those with prisoners of the "general contingent") and industrial companies from Dubrawlag in 1953 and then set up the BaraschewLag reformatory and labor camp (also Baraschewo-ITL) with the associated Gulag industrial combine. There were three clothing factories, two wood processing companies and a furniture factory. In the newly created combine, however, not only prisoners from the Baraschewo-ITL camp were employed, but also DubrawLag prisoners on a contract basis. The camp remained under-occupied and generated costs and was therefore merged with DubrawLag on March 15, 1954.

There is no clear information about the date of the warehouse liquidation. While some sources were “still in operation on January 1, 1960” (according to the Memorial.ru and Memorial.de portal) or “still in operation in the 1960s” (Czech source Úřad dokumentace ... / Ministry of the Interior, where also original documents evaluated), there is also a testimony from a former prisoner who reports on his imprisonment in his memoirs under the title “DubrawLag 1961–1966” and his release on April 1, 1966. However, the institution was restructured again at an unknown point in time and apparently exists as one of the central penal institutions with the code ЖХ-385 with departments for women, for men and a mixed department.

activity

The up to 26,000 DubrawLag prisoners were deployed in the following areas:

  • Building material production
  • agricultural work
  • Deployment in the GULAG-Industriekombinat Temnikowski of the main administration of the camps (GULAG) after the closure of the Temnikowski-ITL camp (workers on a contract basis)
  • Provision of workers for the construction and assembly management of the MordowTrestStroi construction combine
  • chemical wood production (resin processing)

Responsibilities

Responsible for the camp were:

  • GULAG (warehouse head office) from February 28, 1948
  • GTU (Head Office of Prisons) of the MWD from March 28, 1953
  • GULAG (warehouse head office) of the MWD from February 8, 1954
  • UITLK (Administration of Corrective Labor Camps and Colonies) of the MWD of the RSFSR from February 10, 1956

Occupant Numbers

Up to almost 26,000 prisoners were in the camp at various times:

  • August 1, 1948 - 13,877 a
  • January 1, 1949 - 23,273 b
  • January 1, 1950 - 23,532 c
  • Jan. 1, 1951 - 23,541
  • January 1, 1952 - 25,616 d
  • January 1, 1953 - 20,680 e
  • January 1, 1954 - 16,980 f
  • Jan. 1, 1955 - 12,257
  • January 1, 1956 - 8,313
  • Jan. 1, 1957 - 12,272
  • January 1, 1959 - 11,305
  • Jan. 1, 1960 - 9,988
a of which 9,586 men and 4,371 women
b Transfer of 5,000 prisoners of the "general contingent" to special camps 8 and 9
c in August, a special camp point for 500 particularly dangerous underage criminals was established
das of March 26, 1952 including 179 Katorga convicts (30 women) and 155 underage prisoners (27 women)
e As of February 1, there were 888 prisoners of the so-called "general contingent" among the 21,494 prisoners
f According to another source, there were 17,156 prisoners (16,955 of the "special regime" and 201 of the "general regime")

Known inmates

See also

Remarks

  1. ↑ The following can be said about the use of the term “contingent”: In the language used by the NKVD / MWD, “special contingent” means prisoners of the special camps, i. H. political prisoners who were held under a tightened (special) regime; The “general contingent” were then the other prisoners of the “general regime” of the other Gulag camps.
  2. ↑ For the pronunciation and transcription of the Cyrillic letters, see the articles Ж and Х in the German language Wikipedia; the code ЖХ is used in the Soviet Union for Железнодорожное хозяйство d. H. Railway industry used, No. 385 refers to the entire DubrawLag warehouse complex.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Д.Шкапов: ДУБРАВНЫЙ ЛАГЕРЬ . In: MB Smirnow (ed.): Система исправительно-трудовых лагерей в СССР (The system of corrective labor camps in the USSR 1923–1960). Zwenja, 1998. Online on the Мемориал portal (Memorial.ru) memo.ru / ... ; German version on the MEMORIAL Deutschland e. V .: Dmitri Schkapow : OAK HOUSE CAMP . Online at: gulag.memorial.de / ...
  2. ^ A b Vladimír Bystrov: Únosy československých občanů do Sovětského Svazu v letech 1945-1955 (kidnapping of Czechoslovak citizens in the Soviet Union 1945-1955). Edition Svědectví , ed. from Úřad dokumentace a vyšetřování zločinů komunismu ÚDV, an institution of the Ministry of Interior of the Czech Republic, Prague 2003, 343 pages, ISBN 80-7312-027-5 , online at: szcpv.org / ... , section DUBRAVLAG, page 257.
  3. ↑ Приказ МВД СССР № 00219 “Об организации особых лагерей МВД” (Ordinance No. 00219 on the organization of special storage facilities of the MWD). Online at: alexanderyakovlev.org / ...
  4. ↑ a b С.Кривенко: ТЕМНИКОВСКИЙ ИТЛ . In: MB Smirnow (ed.): Система исправительно-трудовых лагерей в СССР (The system of corrective labor camps in the USSR 1923–1960). Zwenja, 1998. Online on the Мемориал portal (Memorial.ru) memo.ru / ... ; German version on the MEMORIAL Deutschland e. V .: Sergei Kriwenko: TEMNIKOWSKI-ITL . Online at: gulag.memorial.de / ...
  5. ↑ С.Кривенко: БАРАШЕВСКИЙ ИТЛ И ПРОМКОМБИНАТ ГУЛАГА . In: MB Smirnow (ed.): Система исправительно-трудовых лагерей в СССР (The system of corrective labor camps in the USSR 1923–1960). Zwenja, 1998. Online on the Мемориал portal (Memorial.ru) memo.ru / ... ; German version on the MEMORIAL Deutschland e. V .: Sergei Kriwenko: BARASCHEWO-ITL AND GULAG-INDUSTRIAL COMBINATE . Online at: gulag.memorial.de / ...
  6. ↑ Vladimir Sadovnikov: Записки шестидесятника. От мордовских лагерей до расстрела белого дома. Воспоминания. Часть 2. Дубравлаг 1961-1966 [... memories. Part 2. DubrawLag 1961-1966]. Online at: hrono.ru/ (content with other pages of the part below)
  7. ↑ ДУБРАВЛАГ И ЕГО ОБИТАТЕЛИ . Online at: zubova-poliana.narod.ru / ... ; ДУБРАВЛАГ ГЛАЗАМИ МЕСТНОГО ЖУРНАЛИСТА . Online at: zubova-poliana.narod.ru / ... ; both information from the website of Subowa Polyana Raion.
  8. ↑ Лук'яненко Левко Григорович , biography in official Ukraine Today (Ukrainian)

Web links

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