July Markowitsch Daniel

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Juli Markowitsch Daniel , pseudonym Nikolai Arshak / Arzak / Arshak ( Russian Юлий Маркович Даниэль ; *  November 15, 1925 in Moscow ; † December 30, 1988 there ) was a Soviet writer and translator of Jewish origin , who with his "grotesque satirical critical" Stories "which in their absurdity contradict the principles of socialist realism " are attributed to samizdat , the literary underground of its epoch. He spent several years as a political prisoner in a Gulag labor camp .

He was married to the human rights activist Larissa Bogoras .

Life

After leaving school in 1942 and moving to the front in the German-Soviet War , Daniel was seriously wounded and demobilized again in 1944. The young war invalid with a pension studied pedagogy in Charkow and Moscow from 1946 and then taught at schools in Kaluga and, from 1954, in Moscow. He published his first translations of poetry and was soon considered a talented translator from Yiddish and from Slavic and Caucasian languages, where he was also able to work for newspapers loyal to the regime.

In 1950 he married Larissa Josifnowa Bogoras with whom he had a son a year later. Until 1955 he worked as a teacher for Russian language and literature in Lyudinowo in the Kaluga Oblast . In 1955 the family moved to Moscow, where Juli Daniel worked as a freelance translator and writer. He wrote the manuscripts for "The Hands" and "It speaks Moscow" between 1957 and 1961 under the pseudonym "Nikolaj Arshak". Andrei Donatowitsch Sinjawski helped him bring them to the West , where a first anthology of his works was published in Washington in 1983. In 1965 he was interrogated in Novosibirsk , where he was visiting his wife, who was already separated from him at the time, and arrested at Moscow-Vnukowo airport on the way home . In 1966 he was sentenced in a show trial together with Andrei Donatowitsch Sinjawski to five years of intensified camp imprisonment and interned in the DubrawLag special camp. Released in 1970 after various harassments and a prison term for his protests.

He then lived with his second wife Irina Pavlovna Uvarova in Kaluga and later, when he was allowed to enter the city again, in Moscow. He was working as a translator again. From the KGB , he was forced under the pseudonym "Ju. Petrov ”because he was forbidden to mention his name. He died on December 30, 1988 at the age of 63.

Works

  • "Бегство" (Escape), 1956
  • "Человек из МИНАПа" (A man from MINAP), 1960 [1]
  • "Говорит Москва" (report from Moscow), 1961 [2]
  • "Искупление" (Redemption), 1964
  • "Руки" (The hands)
  • "Письмо другу" (A letter to a friend), 1969
  • "Ответ И.Р.Шафаревичу" (answer to Igor Schafarewitsch ), 1975
  • "Книга сновидений" (Book of Dreams)
  • "Я все сбиваюсь на литературу ..." Письма из заключения. Стихи (Letters from Prison), 1972, ISBN 0-87955-501-7
  • "This is Moscow Speaking", and Other Stories , Collins, Harvill: London, 1968, translated by Michael Scammell.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Brockhaus Encyclopedia , Volume 19, Volume 5 from 1988
  2. Aleksandr Daniel: Larisa Bogoras is dead - a biography , Heinrich Böll Foundation, May 14, 2008; accessed on April 13, 2019
  3. a b Manuela Putz: Sinjawski, Andrej and Juli Daniel , in: Kurt Groenewold , Alexander Ignor, Arnd Koch (eds.): Lexikon der Politischen Strafverarbeitung , Online, accessed on April 13, 2019
  4. Samizdat ( Memento of the original from February 24, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed May 4, 2011 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / detopia.de