Scent bumblebee
| Scent bumblebee | ||||||||||||
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| Bombus fragrans | ||||||||||||
| ( Pallas , 1771) |
The fragrance bumblebee ( Bombus fragrans ), also Fragranshummel , is a type of bumblebee ( Bombus ) with habitat in steppes . The species is threatened with extinction in Europe.
features
The species can be easily recognized by means of color characteristics. It is mostly relatively short, hairy velvety yellow. In contrast, the clypeus , a black band on the trunk section (mesosoma) between the wings and the sides of the mesosoma, the sixth tergite of the abdomen, as well as larger areas of the abdomen and the head, with the exception of the crown behind the ocelles, are set off in black . The Armeniacushummel Bombus armeniacus, which is often widespread in similar habitats, can be distinguished by the mesosoma with yellow hair on the sides.
The scent bumblebee is considered the largest bumblebee in Europe. Workers reach a body length of 18 to 21 millimeters, queens 46 to 48 millimeters.
Occurrence and habitat
The scent bumblebee lives in steppes. The only Central European occurrences were in Austria ( Burgenland , Lower Austria ); the species is extinct here (last record from 1967). It occurs in steppe-like habitats in Eastern Europe, Turkey, Iran and further in West and Central Asia, east to western China. To the east it is replaced by the closely related and similar Bombus amurensis . In Turkey, their habitat is limited to the steppes of Central Anatolia, avoiding the steppe types that are more strongly influenced by salt. Historically, in Ukraine, it occurred in almost the entire country in the steppe or forest steppe. In the past ten years there has been no evidence outside the Crimean peninsula .
From the beginning of May the overwintered queens look for a suitable nesting site, mostly abandoned, underground small mammal nests, in order to establish their state. A people comprises around 50-100 individuals. The first workers fly from the end of May, from mid-August drones and the young queens. The people die in late September to early October. The Dufthummel is one of the pocket makers .
Like all bumblebees, the scented bumblebee feeds on nectar and its larvae on pollen.
Taxonomy
The species was first described by Peter Simon Pallas as Apis fragrans . The type locality is the Russian Volga region. It belongs to the sub-genus Subterraneobombus, which is widespread in Europe, Asia and North America ( holarkic ), in which it forms the Bombus fragrans species group with Bombus amurensis and Bombus fedtschenkoi ; This is morphologically characterized by the dense, non-glossy clypeus, which is matt and dense.
Danger
The species is rare in its entire range. It has lost most of its habitats through the arable use of former steppe habitats. According to the IUCN criteria , it is globally endangered (vulnerable).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pierre Rasmont, A. Murat Aytekin, Osman Kaftanoğlu, Didier Flagothier: The bumblebee of Turkey. Atlas Hymenoptera. 2009
- ↑ Irene B. Konovalova: The Bumble Bees of Ukraine: Species Distribution and Floral Preferences. Psyche Volume 2010, Article ID 819740, 10 pages. doi : 10.1155 / 2010/819740
- ^ Paul H. Williams, Juliet L. Osborne (2009): Bumblebee vulnerability and conservation world-wide. Apidology 40: 367-387. doi : 10.1051 / apido / 2009025
swell
- Eberhard von Hagen: Bumblebees: determine, settle, multiply, protect . Natur-Verlag, Augsburg 1990, ISBN 3-89440-546-5 .
- Scented bumblebees at wildbienen.de
- Pall H. Williams, Jiandong An, Jiaxing Huang: The bumblebees of the subgenus Subterraneobombus: integrating evidence from morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163, 2011, pp. 813-862.
- Joseph F. Gokcezade, Barbara-Amina Gereben-Krenn, Johann Neumayer, Harald W. Krenn: Field determination key for the bumblebees in Austria, Germany and Switzerland (Hymenoptera, Apidae). In: Linz biological contributions. 42nd year, issue 1, Linz 2010, pp. 5–42 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).