Dark cone

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Dark cone
Systematics
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Trochomorphoid
Family : Cones (Euconulidae)
Subfamily : Euconulinae
Genre : Euconulus
Type : Dark cone
Scientific name
Euconulus praticola
( Reinhardt , 1883)

The dark cone ( Euconulus praticola ) is a species of snail in the family of the cone (Euconulidae) from the suborder of land snails (Stylommatophora).

features

The right-hand wound housing is pressed-conical, the overall habit is slightly spherical with a flattened base. It measures 3 to 3.5 mm in width and 3 to 3.5 mm in height, making it about the same height as it is wide. There are five whorls that increase slowly and regularly. The periphery of the whorls is rather flat, the seams are comparatively deep. The outer line is slightly convex. The mouth is oblique to the axis of the winding and is asymmetrically crescent-shaped. The base is clearly convex, and less flattened, and the last passage is hardly keeled. The edge of the mouth is simple, straight and not thickened. The navel cannot or can hardly be seen due to the narrow winding.

The underside of the case is clearly provided with very fine spiral stripes under high magnification. The top of the case is very shiny, the bottom is more silky-shiny.

The soft body is black to blue-black. Since the shell is translucent, the case appears quite dark.

Similar species

The base of the dark cone is less flattened and more rounded than the other two cones, the light cone ( Euconulus fulvus ) and the forest cone ( Euconulus trochiformis ). The seam is deeper than that of the light cone.

Distribution in Europe (according to Welter-Schultes, 2012)

Geographical distribution and habitat

The distribution area is only very poorly known. Presumably the species can be found from Scandinavia to northern Spain. Its distribution in the east is unknown.

The dark cone occurs only in very wet locations such as lime-rich swamps, wet meadows and, more rarely, damp forests.

In Switzerland it was mainly observed at the water's edge of semi-eutrophic Carex swamps and vineyards up to 2500 m above sea level. It typically lives there with the marsh diaper snail ( Vertigo antivertigo ). The animals live in the litter, but also climb in the vegetation.

Taxonomy

The taxon was established by Otto Reinhardt in 1883 .

According to the current state of knowledge, it is likely that three Euconulus species occur in Central Europe , but via species delimitation, variability, ecology and z. Sometimes there is still no clarity about the nomenclature. Molecular genetic and more in-depth taxonomic-nomenclature investigations should bring new knowledge here.

Danger

According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species , insufficient data are available to assess the population situation ( data deficient ). In Germany the species is on the warning list.

literature

  • Klaus Bogon: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. 404 p., Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990 ISBN 3-89440-002-1 , p. 248
  • Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , p. 201.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jürgen H. Jungbluth and Dietrich von Knorre: Trivial names of land and freshwater mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). Mollusca, 26 (1): 105-156, Dresden 2008 ISSN  1864-5127 , p. 122.
  2. ^ A b Francisco W. Welter Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (S. 209)
  3. ↑ Otto Reinhardt: Some of Mr. DW Kobelt in Schwanheim a. Japanese hyalines collected by Mr. Hungerford sent to M. for assessment. Meeting reports of the Society of Friends of Natural Sciences in Berlin 1883: 37–43, Berlin 1883. Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library
  4. ↑ AnimalBase: Euconulus praticola (Reinhardt, 1883)
  5. ↑ Fauna Europaea: Euconulus (Euconulus) praticola (Reinhardt, 1883) (accessed on June 18, 2018)
  6. ↑ MolluscaBase: Euconulus praticola (Reinhardt, 1883)
  7. ↑ a b Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 169)
  8. ↑ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Euconulus praticola