Erasmus program

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The Erasmus program is a funding program of the European Union . His name is reminiscent of Erasmus von Rotterdam , a European educated humanist of the Renaissance . It has become the world's largest funding program for stays abroad at universities , expanded beyond Europe since 2003 with the additional Erasmus Mundus program , and until then financed around 1 million scholarships in its first 15 years . The program celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2017, during which a total of around 4.4 million students were supported, around 650,000 of them from Germany. For other target groups, for example, Erasmus for young entrepreneurs followed . Since 2014 Erasmus has merged with other programs to form Erasmus + .

History and structure

The name of the program originated as an acronym for E u R opean Community A ction S cheme for the M obility of U niversity S tudents . It was founded on the initiative of the Italian educationalist Sofia Corradi by resolution 87/327 / EEC of the Council of the European Union on June 15, 1987.

All 27 EU member states as well as five other European countries ( Norway , Iceland , Liechtenstein , Switzerland , Turkey ) are participating in the program, with Switzerland in 2014/15 not signing the free movement of persons agreement with the new EU member Croatia as a result of the adopted mass immigration initiative of Member country has been downgraded to partner country status. The program was revised by the resolutions 89/663 / EEC and 819/95 / EC.

It is part of the EU program for lifelong learning (running from 2007–2013, previously known as the Socrates program from 1994 to 2006 ), which promotes school, vocational and adult education in addition to higher education. In the 2008/2009 academic year, 198,523 students took part in the program across Europe. In the 2009/2010 academic year, 213,000 students received funding, which was an increase of 7.4% over the previous year.

The central components are the recognition of academic achievements abroad using the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) and financial support for exchange students. Study stays, internships abroad as part of the course, teaching stays and advanced training for general university staff can be funded. The Erasmus program is open to all students who study regularly at a participating university. The same applies to the teaching and administrative staff. The prerequisite is, however, that the sending and the receiving university have a corresponding bilateral agreement. All universities that want to become active within the framework of the Erasmus program also need a so-called Erasmus University Charter (Erasmus University Charter ) .

In the program Erasmus Mundus u. a. the development of joint master’s and doctoral programs is supported by several universities.

Since 2014, the programs for lifelong learning have been bundled under the umbrella term Erasmus + (also: Erasmus Plus ). This now also includes programs for school and vocational training and Youth in Action .

financing

The total budget of the program is around 450 million euros a year from the EU budget, which in turn is financed by contributions from the member states. The program funds are made available proportionally to the respective national student numbers via the national agencies to the participating universities on their applications. The DAAD is responsible for Germany, the Austrian Exchange Service Society (OeAD-GmbH) for Austria and the CH Foundation in Solothurn for Switzerland . Universities and national agencies have little room for maneuver in structuring the financing of exchanges and measures. For Germany, the normal mobility grant was recently around 200 euros per person per month. Students with special needs (e.g. disabled people) can get considerably more approval. However, this amount depends on the number of Erasmus students each year. The universities provide information on their websites about the expected amount and the modalities (installments) of the payment.

Others

According to a Europe-wide survey, the participants in the ERASMUS programs are about twice as likely to have relationships with foreign partners (27%) than students who have not been abroad (13%). Furthermore, the unemployment rate among Erasmus students is 23 percent lower five years after graduation.

The most popular destination countries for German students are Spain, France, Great Britain, Sweden and Turkey.

See also

literature

  • Walter Demmelhuber: European Educational Policy related to Academic Mobility. Mensch & Buch Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 978-3-89820-493-4 (Dissertation University of Osnabrück 2003, 239 pages with graphic representations, 21 cm).
  • Benjamin Feyen, Ewa Krzaklewska (Ed.): The ERASMUS Phenomenon - Symbol of a New European Generation? (= Education beyond borders , Volume 1), Lang , Bern u. a. 2013, ISBN 978-3-631-62719-8 ( information on the publisher's website ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Mary M. Kritz: Globalization and Internationalization of Tertiary Education (PDF; 526 kB) United Nations . Pp. 8-9. August 21, 2006. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
  2. ↑ Agnes Schulze-von Laszewski: 30 Years Erasmus Fact Sheet (PDF; 974 kB) DAAD . Retrieved March 28, 2019.
  3. ↑ Lifelong Learning Program: European Education Program for Everyone . Federal Ministry for Education and Research . Archived from the original on November 4, 2014. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
  4. ↑ DAAD: The history of the origins of ERASMUS . German Academic Exchange Service , 2017 ( daad.de [accessed on August 3, 2018]).
  5. ↑ EU: Switzerland will not be part of Erasmus next year , Tages-Anzeiger, accessed on February 27, 2014
  6. ↑ "Erasmus: Statistics" ( Memento of December 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), Erasmus statistics of the European Commission, accessed on May 11, 2011 (English).
  7. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Rush to Erasmus , Europa vor Ort, 6 June 2011@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / presseportal.eu-kommission.de
  8. ↑ Erasmus Mundus Program ( Memento of January 24, 2013 on the Internet Archive ), website of the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency . Accessed December 9, 2012
  9. ↑ 30 Years of Erasmus: We Are One , unique-online, July 6, 2017
  10. ↑ International Relations of Exchange Students, welt.de, press report from September 22, 2014
  11. ↑ Exchange of students and university staff, daad.de