Ectrichodiinae
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Ectrichodia crux prey on a double-pod |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Ectrichodiinae | ||||||||||||
| Amyot & Serville , 1843 |
The Ectrichodiinae are a subfamily of the predatory bugs (Reduviidae) from the suborder Cimicomorpha . They are sometimes referred to in English as Millipede Assassin Bugs ("double-footed murder bugs ").
features
The Ectrichodiinae are usually characterized by the following properties: The scutellum has two backward-directed processes; the first and last antennae are often divided; the fore wing membrane has 2 or 3 closed cells; on the anterior and middle tibia there are spongy fossulae (specialized hairy structures that serve to hold on). Many species exhibit strong sexual dimorphism . Furthermore, different types have a warning color .
Distribution and way of life
The Ectrichodiinae are distributed circumtropically . The subfamily is not represented in Europe. There are two species from one genus in the mainland United States. The bugs live mainly on foliage. They are mostly active at night and at dusk. As predators they are on millipedes ( Diplopoda specialized).
Taxonomy and systematics
The subfamily was created by Amyot & Serville in 1843 when they divided the Reduviidae family. The subfamily continues to this day. At least 673 described species in 123 genera are assigned to the Ectrichodiinae. The subfamily has not yet been divided into tribes .
Genera
The subfamily of the Ectrichodiinae is divided into the following genera:
- Adrania Stål , 1863
- Afrocastra Breddin , 1903
- Antiopula Bergroth , 1894
- Antiopuloides Miller , 1952
- Audernaculus Miller , 1941
- Audernacus Distant , 1904
- Austrokatanga Weirauch, Rabitsch & Redei , 2009
- Bannania Hsiao , 1973
- Bayerus Distant , 1904
- Bergeviniella Villiers , 1948
- Borgmeierina Wygodzinsky , 1949
- Brisbanocoris Miller , 1957
- Brontostoma Kirkaldy , 1904
- Caecina Stål , 1863
- Caloundranius Miller , 1957
- Centraspis foam , 1862
- Centropleurocoris Miller , 1955
- Choucoris Cai , 2000
- Cimbus Hahn , 1831
- Cleptria Stål , 1855
- Colastocoris Miller , 1959
- Cricetopareis Breedin , 1903
- Cryptonannus Dougherty , 1995
- Daraxa Stål , 1859
- Distirogaster Horvath , 1914
- Ditulocoris Miller , 1955
- Doblepardocoris Dougherty , 1995
- Dystecta Breddin , 1901
- Echinocoris Livingstone & Ravichandran , 1992
- Ectrichodia Lepeletier & Serville , 1825
- Ectrichodiella Fracker & Bruner , 1924
- Ectrychotes Burmeister , 1835
- Ectrychotoides Miller , 1953
- Eriximachus Distant , 1902
- Gibbosella Chłond , 2010
- Glymmatophora Stål , 1855
- Godefridus Distant , 1904
- Guionius Distant , 1909
- Haematoloecha Stål , 1874
- Haematorrhophus Stål , 1874
- Hemihaematorrhophus Murugan & Livingstone , 1995
- Hexamerocerus Reuter , 1881
- Idiocleptria Miller , 1956
- Kasaka Schouteden , 1952
- Katanga Schouteden , 1953
- Labidocoris Mayr , 1865
- Lamprogastocoris Miller , 1952
- Leptomendis Breddin , 1903
- Libaviellus Miller , 1941
- Libavius Distant , 1904
- Libyomendis Breddin , 1903
- Luluacoris Villiers , 1972
- Maraenaspis Karsch , 1892
- Margacoris Carpintero , 1980
- Mascaregnasa Distant , 1909
- Menbyolidis Villiers , 1948
- Mendis Stål , 1859
- Mendola Breddin , 1900
- Microsanta Breddin , 1903
- Microstemmatoides Putshkov , 1985
- Microstemmella Miller , 1952
- Microstemmidea Miller , 1952
- Mimocleptria Horvath , 1914
- Miomerocerus Karsch , 1892
- Nannocleptria Miller , 1952
- Nebriscoides Miller , 1957
- Nebriscus Bergroth , 1895
- Neobayerus Miller , 1953
- Neohaematorrhophus Ambrose & Livingstone , 1986
- Neolibavius Miller , 1941
- Neosantosia Miller , 1941
- Neoscadra Miller , 1941
- Neoscadroides Miller , 1954
- Neozirta Distant , 1919
- Nularda Stål , 1859
- Okondo Schouteden , 1931
- Paracleptria Miller , 1952
- Paralibavius Paiva , 1919
- Parascadra Miller , 1953
- Paravilius Miller , 1955
- Philodoxus Horvath , 1914
- Pothea Amyot & Serville , 1843
- Preangerocoris Miller , 1954
- Pseudodaraxa Carpintero , 1980
- Pseudopothea Wygodzinsky , 1951
- Pseudozirta Bérenger & Gil-Santana , 2005
- Pyrodocoris Miller , 1955
- Quercetanus Distant , 1904
- Quinssyana Distant , 1913
- Racelda Signoret , 1863
- Rellimocoris Dougherty , 1982
- Rhiginia Stål , 1859
- Rhysostethus Hsiao , 1973
- Rochonia Distant , 1913
- Santosia Stål , 1858
- Scadra Stål , 1859
- Scadrana Miller , 1953
- Schmitzicoris Villiers , 1976
- Schottus Distant , 1902
- Schuhella Dougherty , 1995
- Sciaphilocoris Miller , 1949
- Sinchocoris Dougherty , 1995
- Sphinctocoris Mayr , 1865
- Stegius Distant , 1902
- Synavecoris Villiers , 1953
- Synectrychotes Livingstone & Murugan , 1987
- Tamaonia China , 1940
- Toxopeusiana Miller , 1954
- Toxopus Bergroth , 1905
- Tracasafra Villiers , 1948
- Travassocoris Wygodzinsky , 1947
- Triclepola Villiers , 1948
- Vilius Stål , 1863
- Wygodzinskyocoris Dougherty , 1995
- Xarada Carpintero , 1980
- Xenorhyncocoris Miller , 1938
- Zirta Stål , 1859
- Zombocoris Miller , 1952
Types (selection)
- Ectrichodia crux ( Thunberg , 1783)
- Rhiginia cinctiventris ( Stål , 1872)
- Rhiginia cruciata ( Say , 1832)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Christiane Weirauch: Heteropteran Systematics Lab @ UCR - Ectrichodiinae . University of California, Riverside. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
- ↑ Reduviidae. Fauna Europaea, accessed February 5, 2017 .
- ^ Subfamily Ectrichodiinae - Millipede Assassins . bugguide.net. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
- ↑ Forthman, Michael .; Chłond, Dominik .; Weirauch, Christiane: Taxonomic monograph of the endemic millipede assassin bug fauna of Madagascar (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Ectrichodiinae) . Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no.400.Retrieved February 5, 2017.
- ^ Subfamily Ectrichodiinae Amyot & Serville, 1843 . biolib. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Web links
- Ectrichodiinae in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)