Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel

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Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel (born May 8, 1889 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil ; † April 5, 1969 (questionable 1968?) There) was a Brazilian nurse, employed by Carlos Chagas in the fight against the Spanish flu and pioneer of the Brazilian health care and nursing.

Life

Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel was the daughter of Aldina de Magalhães and Karl Fraenkel (1854-1906). Karl Fraenkel was in Frankfurt am Main as the son of the doctor Daniel Fraenkel and his wife Julia geb. Rosenthal was born. In 1914, the “Red Cross Brazil” began training nurses in crash courses. Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel completed this training and then worked as a volunteer at the Red Cross. In 1918 she devoted herself to the fight against the “Spanish flu”, which hit the whole country and claimed 15,000 lives in Rio de Janeiro alone. The initiative to fight the "Spanish flu" in Brazil was led by the physician Carlos Chagas (1879–1934).

In 1919 Fraenkel completed further training as a community nurse in tuberculosis care. She was then appointed by Carlos Chagas to the "Departamento Nacional de Saúde Pública" (DNSP, German National Department for Public Requests ). Chagas was the director of the department at the time. On a study trip to the USA, Chagas found out about the training of community nurses in the USA. In the United States, community nurses were trained in the tradition of Florence Nightingale . Chagas wanted a similar development for Brazil. Chagas succeeded, the Rockefeller Foundation to win (Rockefeller Foundation) for his concern. In 1921 Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel, who at that time was head of the Tuberculosis Prevention Center of the Departamento Nacional de Saúde Pública, received a scholarship to study nursing in the USA. In April 1922, she enrolled at the Philadelphia School of Nursing. She finished her studies in 1925 as the first Brazilian health nurse. She returned to Brazil in the same year and became the first teacher of the "Escola de Enfermagem" (nursing school) at the department. This school was later called "Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery" and is now part of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro .

In 1927 Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel became the first president of the “Brazilian Nursing Association” and drew up its implementing provisions and ordinances. From 1927 to 1939 Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel was the senior health nurse at the National Public Health Department. She then accepted a call as head of school at the “Escola de Enfermagem” at the University of São Paulo in order to set up this nursing school with the support of the Rockefeller Foundation. The Rockefeller Foundation donated laboratories and a library. At the same time, the medical faculty and its hygiene institute were also supported with technical know-how and laboratories. The Rockefeller Foundation granted Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel another scholarship for the USA and Canada. Fraenkel was able to study the curricula of the Johns Hopkins University , the Boston University and the University of Toronto in Canada on site. In 1954, the establishment of nursing courses was included in the school regulations. In 1955 Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel retired to Rio de Janeiro.

International Council of Nurses

In 1953 Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel initiated and organized the 10th Nursing Congress of the “International Council of Nurses (ICN)” in Rio de Janeiro. The first professional ethics code of the ICN in July 1953 was developed at the "Săo Paulo Nursing". Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel made a considerable contribution as dean of this school.

literature

  • Amália Corrêa de Carvalho: Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel , 1980.
  • Ernesto de Souza Campos: História da Universidade de São Paulo . 2nd edition Edusp São Paulo, 2004, p. 414. Digitized
  • Leopoldo Acuña: Carlos Ribeiro Justiniano Chagas. In: Wolfgang U. Eckart , Christoph Gradmann (Hrsg.): Ärztelexikon. From antiquity to the present. 3. Edition. Springer, Heidelberg 2006, p. 86.
  • Taka Oguisso, Lucia Yasuko Izumi Nichiata: Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel, 2nd edition FAPESP, São Paulo 2012.
  • Taka Oguisso, Genival Fernandes de Freitas, Magali Hirmo Takasi: Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel: o maior vulto da Enfermagem brasileira. In: Revista de Escola de Enfermagem da USP , Volume 47, No. 5, São Paulo 2013 digitized
  • Taka Oguisso, Lucia Yasuko Izumi Nichiata: Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel . In: Hubert Kolling (Ed.): Biographical Lexicon for Nursing History, Who Was Who in Nursing History? " . Volume 8 hpsmedia Hungen 2018, p. 65 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Health and Sanitation Division. The Institution of Inter-American Affairs. Newsletter , Washington 25, DC, No. 134, January – February 1950, pp. 4 + 7. Digitized
personal data
SURNAME Fraenkel, Edith de Magalhães
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Brazilian nurse and pioneer of Brazilian nursing
DATE OF BIRTH May 8, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Rio de Janeiro
DATE OF DEATH April 5th 1969
Place of death Rio de Janeiro