Oak lettuce

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Oak lettuce
Oak lettuce (Lactuca quercina)

Oak lettuce ( Lactuca quercina )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Genre : Lettuce ( Lactuca )
Type : Oak lettuce
Scientific name
Lactuca quercina
L.

The Oak lettuce ( Lactuca quercina ) is a rare occurrence in Central Europe plant species from the genus lettuce ( Lactuca ) within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae) and the subfamily of Cichorioideae .

description

Upper part of the stem with leaves sitting on an arrow-shaped base
Basket with multi-row, purple-black dotted bracts
Oak lettuce (medium stem leaves, herbarium evidence )
Basket bottom with fruits
Blackish achenes

The oak lettuce is a herbaceous plant that is one to two years old and usually reaches heights of between 60 and 130 cm. It has a spindle-shaped to beet-shaped rhizome. The branched stem in the upper part is bright green, sometimes reddish and hollow. The soft and bare leaves are more or less deeply pinnate and serrated. The upper ones sit directly on the stem with an arrow-shaped base, the lower ones are petiolate. The underside of the leaf is bluish-green in color.

Numerous flower baskets available, in umbel-like grapes grow. The yellow ray-florets have red-brown spotted, white-rimmed bracts. The fruit, which has short-bristled hair in the upper part, is ribbed and has a black, short beak. The seed-bearing part of the fruit is about twice as long as the fruit beak.

The species differs from the similar in habitus Mauerlattich ( Mycelis muralis ) by the at least 8-flowered baskets.

The oak lettuce flowers mainly from July to September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

Occurrence

Lactuca quercina occurs in Europe from south-eastern Europe to central Germany. In the east it penetrates as far as southern Russia. In Germany, the oak lettuce is rarely found in the central area. Here it is considered an endangered species. In Austria Lactuca quercina is also endangered and can be found scattered or rarely. The species is absent in Switzerland.

The oak lettuce grows in shrubbery, grassy bush forests and in dry forests. It prefers dry, warm, nutrient-rich and calcareous, stony soils. He likes to appear in nitrophilic fringing societies or in Geranion sanguinei in contact with the Galio-Carpinetum or Potentillo-Quercion petraeae societies.

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Lactuca quercina subsp. wilhemsiana (DC.) Feráková (Syn .: Lactuca wilhemsiana DC. ): It occurs in Albania, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Turkey, the Caucasus and Transcaucasia.
  • Lactuca quercina subsp. quercina : It occurs in Europe, Turkey, the Caucasus region and India.

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literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  989 .
  2. ↑ Oak lettuce. In: FloraWeb.de.
  3. ↑ a b Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Lactuca quercina In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  4. ↑ a b Lactuca in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 13, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Eichen-Lattich  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files