Mauerlattich

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Mauerlattich
Wall lettuce (Mycelis muralis), illustration

Wall lettuce ( Mycelis muralis ), illustration

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Tribe : Cichorieae
Genre : Mauerlattich
Type : Mauerlattich
Scientific name of the  genus
Mycelis
Cass.
Scientific name of the  species
Mycelis muralis
( L. ) Dumort.

The wall lettuce ( Mycelis muralis ), also Common wall lettuce called, is the only kind of monotypic genus Mycelis within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae).

description

Basal leaves
Stem leaf
Detail of an inflorescence with flower heads
Basket: the bracts are arranged in two rows, the outer ones are much shorter and form an outer cover.

The wall lettuce is a deciduous, annual to perennial herbaceous plant . The leaves are lyre-shaped and pinnate. The leaflets are relatively angular. The terminal leaflet is significantly larger than the lateral leaflet.

Achene with pappus

The cup-shaped partial inflorescences are arranged in very loose panicle inflorescences . The best way to recognize the Mauerlattich is by its small cups. These are quite small - about 1 cm in diameter - and almost always consist of just five yellow ray-flowers , which are trimmed at the front and provided with five teeth.

The black-brown achenes have short beaks. The pappus consists of a series of long hairs surrounded by a series of short bristles.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

The wall lettuce is a hemicryptophyte and stem plant. Milky juice leaks out when injured .

From an ecological point of view, these are “cup flowers of the Cichorium type”. The flowers are pre-male. Pollinators are for example bee relatives and flies .

The achenes spread through the pappus as an umbrella flyer and water-like; in addition, there is spread through ants and spread through humans as cultural followers .

The flowering period extends from July to August, the fruit ripening from August to October.

Occurrence

The wall lettuce grows mainly in forests and bushes in partial shade to in the shade. It prefers moderately nutrient-rich soil. It is not uncommon, although its frequency varies greatly from area to area. It is an Alliarion association character and is particularly popular in the Epilobio-Geranietum robertiani.

Originally its distribution area was Europe  - in the east to the Caucasus , in the north to Norway , in the south to North Africa. It is now also found in North America and New Zealand .

In the Allgäu Alps, it rises between Schwarzer Hütte and Mindelheimer Hütte, southwest of Einödsbach in Bavaria, up to 1500 m above sea level.

Systematics

The basionym of the wall lettuce, under which it was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , is Prenanthes muralis L. According to gene sequence analyzes , the wall lettuce belongs to the close relationship of the genera lettuce ( Lactuca ), milk lettuce ( Cicerbita ) and steptorhamphus . In some literature, as in the past, it is sometimes counted among the lettuce ( Lactuca ) and then bears the scientific name Lactuca muralis ( L. ) Gaertn. Many authors also use the name Cicerbita muralis ( L. ) Wallr. Some authors call it Mycelis muralis ( L. ) Dumort. the only species of the genus Mycelis Cass. which was erected by Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini . The specific epithet muralis means: wall, growing on walls.

This species belongs to the subtribe Lactucinae from the tribe Cichorieae in the subfamily Cichorioideae within the family of the Asteraceae .

swell

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort., Gewöhnlicher Mauerlattich. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ data sheet at BiolFlor . ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www2.ufz.de
  3. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 987. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  4. ↑ a b c d Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 517-518 .
  5. ^ A b Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Med Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 2: Dicotyledones (Compositae) . Organization for the Phyto-Taxonomic Investigation of the Mediterranean Area (OPTIMA), Genève 2008, ISBN 978-2-8279-0011-4 .
  6. ↑ a b Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore): Lactuca muralis . In: Werner Greuter, Eckhart von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.
  7. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 669.
  8. ↑ Carl von Linné : Species Plantarum . Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 797, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D2%26issue%3D%26spage%3D797%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D .
  9. ↑ Wim JM Koopman, Eli Guetta, Clemens CM van de Wiel, Ben Vosman, Ronald G. van den Berg: Phylogenetic relationships among Lactuca (Asteraceae) species and related genera based on ITS-1 DNA sequences. In: American Journal of Botany. Vol. 85, No. 11, 1998, pp. 1517-1530 (online). (engl.)
  10. ↑ a b Cicerbita muralis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 11, 2015.
  11. ↑ Cicerbita muralis data sheet from Ralf Hand, Norbert Kilian, Eckhard von Raab-Straube: ICN - International Cichorieae Network, 2009 .
  12. ^ Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort. at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 11, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Mauerlattich ( Mycelis muralis )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files