Eleonore Kalkowska

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Eleonore Kalkowska (born as Eleonora Kalkowska ; born June 22, 1883 in Warsaw ; † July 21, 1937 in Bern ), pseudonym Ira ad Sol , was a Polish- German writer and actress.

Life

Kalkowska was born as the daughter of the Polish architect Emil Kalkowski and his wife Maria from Kurland . She grew up bilingual, German and Polish. After the early death of the father, the family moved to Breslau and later to St. Petersburg . After Kalkowska had not been admitted to study in Berlin , she began to study natural sciences in 1901 at the Sorbonne in Paris . There she met the history student Marceli Szarota, whom she married soon after. Soon after the marriage, Kalkowska gave up her studies to devote herself to writing. In 1904 her first publication appeared under the pseudonym Ira ad Sol, still in Polish, under the title Głód życia ("Hunger for Life"). In the same year their daughter Elida Maria was born, in 1906 their son Ralph.

She began studying acting at the Reinhardt Seminar in Berlin around 1908 . She was then engaged in Breslau before moving to the Deutsches Schauspielhaus Berlin in 1912 . At that time she was already living apart from her husband, who had not supported her artistic ambitions. Their children grew up with their mother in Breslau.

At an evening of recitation in the Schauspielhaus, Kalkowska's poetic talent was revealed to a wider public for the first time. In 1912 the volume of poetry Die Oktave was published by Egon Fleischel u. Co. During the First World War , Kalkowska published in 1916 under the title Der Rauch des Vpfers: Ein Frauenbuch zum Kriege ( Eugen Diederichs Verlag, Jena) critical poems that address the (imagined) horror of death at the front and the sufferings of mothers and widows at the opposed so-called home front. The positive reactions to this volume of poetry led Kalkowska to give up acting and devote himself entirely to writing.

Most of their dramas were initially unpublished. In her first pieces she devoted herself primarily to ancient and biblical material. Later she turned to the time piece. Your drama Josef , who later on March 12, 1929 at Dortmund's City Theater, and Berlin a month in the "national stage" , directed by Alfred Trostler was performed, pleaded with literary agents for the abolition of the death penalty and denounced the injustice system of the Weimar Republic to . Kalkowska used the contemporary case of the agricultural worker Jakubowsky as a model. The piece marks an experimental form; Kalkowska called it "poetic reportage". A theater scandal arose around this performance in the "Volksbühne" when Kalkowska publicly protested after the performance against the cuts made by Trostler and not legitimized by her. The next but one piece of newspaper notes premiered on December 4, 1932 in the Berlin Schillertheater . Kalkowska combined clippings from daily newspapers dealing with the subject of suicide, thus indirectly addressing the social misery of the early 1930s.

After the National Socialists came to power, Kalkowska was arrested twice in 1933, but released shortly afterwards after the intervention of the Polish envoy. She then left Germany and lived first in Paris, then in London. She worked on the play Arc de Triomphe , which focuses on a doctor with cancer. Kalkowska also worked with Isaac Disraeli and Jean Jaures in other dramatic projects .

Works

  • Głód życia. (Hunger for life), Piotr Laskauer i S-ka, Warszawa 1904.
  • The octave. (Poems) Egon Fleischel u. Co., Berlin 1912.
  • The smoke of the victim: a women's book on war. Diederichs, Jena 1916.
  • March: Dramatic series of pictures from the year 48th JHE Heitz, Strasbourg 1928.
  • Katharina: A piece of world theater: 14 images with a prelude. Oesterheld, Berlin 1929.
  • Dramaty. Sprawa Jakubowskiego. Doniesienia drobne. wstęp i oprac. J. Hernik-Spalińska, Warszawa 2005.
  • Dramas Josef. MinusxMinus = plus! and newspaper notes. Ed. V. Agnes Trapp. Martin Meidenbauer, Munich 2008.
  • Głód życia. (Hunger for life), wstęp i oprac. A. Dżabagina, Gdańsk 2016.

Awards

literature

  • Petra Budke, Jutta Schulze: women writers in Berlin 1871–1945. A lexicon on life and work. Orlanda Frauenverlag, Berlin 1995, pp. 206f. (With picture of the author)
  • Hans-Otto Binder : Ready to sacrifice: war literature by women. In: War Experiences: Studies on the history of mentality in the First World War. Edited by Gerhard Hirschfeld et al. Klartext-Verlag, Essen 1997. (Reproduces a poem by Kalkowska among others) (PDF file; 634 kB)
  • Anne Stürzer: playwrights and time pieces. A forgotten chapter in theater history from the Weimar Republic to the post-war period. Metzler, Stuttgart 1993.
  • Agnes Trapp: The Dramas by Eleonore Kalkowska . Martin Meidenbauer, Munich 2009.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Polish surnames usually differentiate between the sexes based on the ending.
personal data
SURNAME Kalkowska, Eleonore
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kalkowska, Eleonora (maiden name); Szarota, Eleonore; Szarota, Eleonora; Ira ad Sol (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish-German writer and actress
DATE OF BIRTH June 22, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Warsaw
DATE OF DEATH July 21, 1937
Place of death Bern