Elisabeth Zorell

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Elisabeth Zorell , b. Specht (born March 1, 1896 in Munich , † April 20, 1993 in Regensburg ), was a German pedagogue, educational scientist and school director.

Live and act

She was the eldest of three daughters of a post office worker and a Bavarian. royal Cleaner . Despite very good school results, Elisabeth Specht was not allowed to complete a higher education. After much persuasion, her father finally allowed her to prepare externally for the teacher examination, which she successfully passed in 1915. The young teacher then worked at elementary schools in Bad Tölz and Munich. In addition, she made up her Abitur and studied German, history and education at the University of Munich. In 1927 she married and moved to Hamburg with her husband. There, Elisabeth Zorell taught at a private girls' high school and also continued her studies. She reported about it:

At the young university in Hamburg I studied with William Stern and Martha Muchow . It was the latter that aroused my interest in Friedrich Froebel , as she was scientifically intensively involved in kindergarten education. We, the student teachers, often went to kindergartens in Hamburg with Frau Muchow, because she was of the opinion that future teachers should also experience the child before school .

After divorce (1933), arrest and protective custody (1935), Elisabeth Zorell returned to her hometown in 1937 via Berlin and Marquartstein (there she taught in the local educational home ). She took over a lectureship at the Städt. Seminar for kindergarten teachers, after-school care workers and youth leaders , which she was appointed to lead in 1945. Elisabeth Zorell headed the training center until 1961. Her successor was Josef Hederer .

In 1945 she did her doctorate with Philipp Lersch on the female development according to performance and character. An experimental psychological examination . The doctoral candidate examined around 300 schoolgirls between the ages of 11 and 21 by means of a work test in order to follow the female mental development and to gain a picture of the efficiency and nature of the female adolescent . This involved the one-hour non-stop calculating process in the form of continuous adding, with self-pace as a condition and unconditional maximum performance as the goal (Zorell 1949, p. 44).

When the Pestalozzi-Froebel Association was founded in 1948, Elisabeth Zorell was one of the leading founding members and initiated the establishment of a branch in Munich in October 1948. Until her death she belonged to the professional association for whose journal Blätter des Pestalozzi-Froebel Association she had written many articles. In 1949, Zorell went on a four-month study trip through the USA on the subject of "training kindergarten teachers".

Elisabeth Zorell always emphasized the socio-educational mission of the kindergarten in her publications and innumerable lectures , because he

a) creates a suitable 'play and activity world' for the child, which a family can hardly provide today; but also because he
b) helps the child to develop a "detachment from the maternal world" and gives him freedom to satisfy his interests in a child-friendly environment; because he
c) offers the child a 'space' in front of school in which activity and love are still connected and 'achievements' reserved for a later time are not yet 'required' .

Publications (selection)

  • The female development according to performance and character. An experimental psychological examination. Munich 1949.
  • Education. Bad Heilbrunn 1967, DNB 458737275 .
  • The school kindergarten. In: K. Brehm (Ed.): Pedagogical Psychology of Educational Institutions. Volume II, Munich 1968, pp. 57-70.
  • Memories of Martha Muchow. Munich 1948. (private print)

literature

  • Association for the Promotion of Social Pedagogical Training e. V. (Ed.): Educator in Bogenhausen. From kindergarten teachers' seminars to socio-educational technical schools. Aspects and changes. Ceremony for Dr. Zorell. Munich 1981.
  • Manfred Berger : Women in the history of kindergarten. A manual. Frankfurt am Main 1995, pp. 200-204.
  • Pestalozzi-Froebel Association (ed.): The history of the Pestalozzi-Froebel Association. Freiburg / Brsg. 1998, p. 133.

Web link

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cit. n. Berger 1995, p. 201 f.
  2. ↑ Manfred Berger: From the candidate for the early childhood institution to the educator. A contribution to the history of educator training in Bavaria - shown using the example of selected training centers in the past and present, Göttingen 2017, pp. 47–52 https://cuvillier.de/de/shop/people/54268-manfred-berger
  3. ^ E. Zorell: Education. 1971, p. 50.
personal data
SURNAME Zorell, Elisabeth
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Specht, Elisabeth (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pedagogue, educational scientist and school director
DATE OF BIRTH March 1, 1896
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH April 20, 1993
Place of death regensburg