Emballonura
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| Temminck , 1838 |
Emballonura is a genus of bats in the smooth-nosed free- tailed familywith about 8 species. These occur mainly in Southeast Asia , the Australis biogeographical region,and Oceania .
features
These bats reach a head-trunk length of 38 to 62 mm and a tail length of 10 to 20 mm. Many members of the genus weigh only 4 to 8 g. Emballonura monticola , on the other hand, weighs 30 to 40 g. The fur has a dark brown to brown color on top, the belly is lighter. In contrast to most of the other genera of the family, the Emballonura species have two upper incisors in each half of the jaw. A gland on the upper side of the flight membrane is missing, as in the closely related genera Coleura and Mosia .
Way of life
The species can be found in different habitats . They are often spotted in cultivated landscapes. Even so, little is known about them. These bats rest in natural cavities. There they form groups of up to 20 specimens or smaller colonies with 100 to 150 members , depending on the species and distribution . With a few exceptions, males and females rest separately. They hunt insects and occasionally eat fruit.
Endangerment and Status
Most species occur in populations so large that there is currently no threat to their continued existence. They are listed as " Least Concern " by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) . Emballonura semicaudata had a larger distribution area in Oceania and has disappeared from several islands there. Hunting by original and introduced enemies such as monitor lizards and rats is believed to be the cause . In addition, the use of pesticides in agriculture had a negative impact. The species is (as "critically endangered" Endangered ) classified. There is too little data for Emballonura furax ( data deficient ).
Types and distribution
According to Mammal Species of the World (2005) 9 species belong to the genus. In 2006 Emballonura tiavato was described as a separate species.
- Emballonura alecto , Borneo , Philippines , Sulawesi and smaller islands.
- Emballonura beccarii , New Guinea and smaller islands.
- Emballonura dianae , New Guinea to Solomon Islands .
- Emballonura furax , New Guinea and smaller islands.
- Emballonura monticola , Malay Peninsula to Sulawesi.
- Emballonura raffrayana , Moluccas to Solomon Islands.
- Emballonura semicaudata , Oceania.
- Emballonura serii , smaller islands near New Guinea.
Two kinds of Madagascar, by 2012 emballonura were now form the genus Paremballonura .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. Volume 1. 6th edition. 1999, p. 307 ff. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9 , Old World Sheath-tailed Bats (Google Books)
- ↑ a b Emballonura in the IUCN 2014 Red List of Threatened Species . Accessed December 1, 2014.
- ↑ Don E. Wilson , DeeAnn M. Reeder (Ed.): Mammal Species of the World . A taxonomic and geographic Reference . 3. Edition. 2 volumes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 (English, Emballonura ).
- ↑ SM Goodman, SJ Puechmaille, N. Friedli-Weyeneth, J. Gerlach, M. Ruedi, MC Schoeman, WT Stanley, EC Teeling: Phylogeny of the Emballonurini (Emballonuridae) with descriptions of a new genus and species from Madagascar. ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Journal of Mammalogy 93 (6), 2012; Pp. 1440-1455
