Emoji

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The two emojis, a smiling face with an open mouth and a monkey closing eyes , as shown on different platforms.
count 6th 214
code U + 1F605 U + 1F648
Browser ? ?
Noto Color Emoji u1f605.svg Emoji u1f648.svg
Twitter Twemoji 1f605.svg Twemoji 1f648.svg
Emoji One Emojione 1F605.svg Emojione 1F648.svg
Firefox OS Fxemoji u1F605.svg Fxemoji u1F648.svg
Phantom Open Phantom Open Emoji 1f605.svg Phantom Open Emoji 1f648.svg

Emojis [ eˈmodʑi ] ( Japanese 絵 文字 , picture characters' ) appear in the form of a pictogram and / or ideogram . They are used in particular in SMS and chats to replace terms. For the definition of terms, see emoticon .

history

As early as the 19th century there were so-called Setzerscherze (see Smiley # story ). In 1938 Ludwig Wittgenstein wrote that simple facial expressions could be used to describe more flexible and varied descriptions than just adjectives . In the late 1990s, Shigetaka Kurita created digital emojis for DoCoMo as part of the i-mode project. From 1982 onwards, emoticons spread on the Internet forerunner Arpanet . Today's emojis are comparatively large, detailed and colored, but in line with the capabilities of mobile phones at the time, these emojis were monochrome and only had an edge length of 12 × 12 pixels. That is why they were not subject to copyright law, due to the lack of creativity . This allowed other Japanese telephone companies to also make their own devices emoji-capable, and thus enabled rapid market penetration.

Since 2013, the Emojipedia website has been documenting all Unicode emojis with names, descriptions and images.

World Emoji Day has been celebrated since 2014 . The Chinese artist Xu Bing published the first fiction work written with only emojis as characters: Book from the Ground , which depicts a day in the life of a typical urban employee.

In 2015, Oxford University Press chose the emoji ? Face With Tears of Joy as word of the year , as the use of emojis would have increased significantly in 2015 and, as a “nuanced form of expression (...) could overcome language barriers” . According to an analysis by the keyboard provider SwiftKey, ? was the most frequently used emoji worldwide in 2015.

2017 was US 3D - computer animation film Emoji - The film , produced by Sony Pictures Animation , published on the emoji and its prominent role in digital communication is based.

Coding

Shift_JIS

Emojis were coded in a free area of Shift JIS (F89F to F9FC). However, there was initially no manufacturer-independent coding, so that different variants have established themselves over time. While only 176 emojis were defined at the beginning, their number increased to 722 by 2010. In addition to the DoCoMo variant, the KDDI and SoftBank variants in particular have become more widespread.

Unicode

Overview

It was only with the inclusion of the emojis in Unicode 6.0 in October 2010 that the basis for a globally standardized coding was created. At this point in time, the previous version, Unicode 5.2, already contained 114 of these characters in the blocks

Since emojis are used in these blocks, it was decided not to include the emojis as a single block in Unicode. Instead, the remaining emojis were on the existing blocks

  • Various technical signs,
  • Various symbols,
  • Dingbats,
  • Additional enclosed alphanumeric characters and
  • Additional enclosed CJK characters

as well as the new blocks

distributed. In total, Unicode 6.3 contains 722 emojis.

Of the 2834 additional characters introduced with Unicode 7.0, around 250 can be used as emojis without this being specifically specified. A count by the Washington Post comes to 240 new emojis. However, the exact total number of all emojis contained in Unicode remains unclear and is subject to a certain discretion.

Representation variants

Some characters can be represented both as colored and possibly animated emoji and as regular text components. For this reason, these alternatives were formally standardized in Unicode 6.1 with 214 characters: Using the so-called variant selectors , an application can now clearly decide whether emojis should be displayed in the style of the rest of the text or as images. If the variant selector U + FE0E follows an emoji character, the character must be displayed in the style of the rest of the text; if U + FE0F follows instead, the emoji style should be used.

The following example can be used to check whether the browser displays emojis correctly: The anchor character (⚓, U + 2693) once in text style (⚓︎, U + 2693 U + FE0E) and once in emoji style (⚓️, U + 2693 U + FE0F). If both variants look the same, either the browser in general or the specific font used does not support a style distinction via variant selector for emojis.

The same emoji can be designed and displayed differently in different services and operating systems and thus interpreted differently. If an emoji is sent to a mobile phone with a different operating system (Apple, Google, Microsoft, Samsung, LG) it will be displayed in the local font. The emoji “Grinning face with smiling eyes” (U + 1F601), for example, was viewed both negatively (Apple) and positively by users, depending on the platform. Even this one emoji was rated differently among Apple users.

Regional indicators

The regional indicators (U + 1F1E6 to U + 1F1FF) from the block Additional enclosed alphanumeric characters are a special form of emojis : These are sequences of two characters that correspond to country codes according to ISO 3166-1 ALPHA-2, for example ?? (U + 1F1E9 U + 1F1EA) for Germany. It is up to the respective application whether to display these country abbreviations as a sequence of letters ( DE ) or as a symbol, such as the flag of the relevant area ( Flag of Germany) or its stylized outline ( Outline of Germany). There are also some codes that differ from the ISO standard, such as IC .

use

According to a 2015 survey by SwiftKey , happy emojis are used the most (45%), followed by sad emojis, hearts, hand gestures and romantic representations. In addition, emojis with sexual allusions (especially the astrological sign for cancer as a substitute for 69 , but also banana, raised fist , eggplant, peach, cherries) and the droppings are used. In Germany, the emoji mouse is used more than average.

Moderate use of emojis by superiors or customer service representatives in professional email correspondence is perceived as empathic.

effect

In a large-scale study from 2017, the psychologist Dr. Monica A. Riordan found out that the use of emojis makes messages with positive content even more positive. The number of emojis was partly decisive for the effect on the recipient. The more emojis were placed at the end of a text message , the more positively it was perceived.

The same effects could also be found in messages with negative content. While these were still perceived as negative, the use of emojis reduced the level of perceived intensity of the text message.

The two linguists Michael Beißwenger and Steffen Pappert showed in a study of WhatsApp chats that emojis make two fundamental contributions to the design of communication in everyday digital communication : They mark the intention to express behind a written contribution (make it readable ) and thus ensure understanding, and they serve to maintain relationships (make the appreciation for the partner visible ).

Positioning in the sentence

As a rule, an emoji refers to the statement in the preceding sentence. It is not specified whether it is placed before or after the punctuation mark. According to a recommendation by Duden Consulting, the fact that it is part of the statement of the sentence speaks in favor of positioning before the punctuation mark. The comparison with an emotional footnote, on the other hand, is cited as an argument for placing after the punctuation mark. There is also the consideration of whether an emoji could completely replace the punctuation mark - especially the point that would usually be omitted in messenger communication anyway.

With regard to the position of emojis in tweets, these are more likely to be found in the second third. Overall, more positive and neutral emojis are used. As the distance to the beginning of the sentence increases, the emotionally charged smileys increase and the neutral ones decrease; accordingly, the emotional ones are mostly used at the end of the sentence and the neutral ones in the middle.

See also

literature

  • Answering a question about the term emoji . In: Der Sprachdienst 2, 2015, Volume 59, Page 77 ( ISSN  0038-8459 )
  • Elena Barnert, thumbs up. On the interpretation of emojis in right-hand traffic , in: Myops. Reports from the world of law 37 (2019), 32–38.

Web links

Commons : Emoji  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Emoji  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Overview

  1. ↑ Characters previously contained in the Basic Latin block (in connection with combining diacritical marks for symbols ) that have also been used as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    # ⃣ U + 0023 U + 20E3 F985 F489 F7B0
    0⃣ U + 0030 U + 20E3 F990 F7C9 F7C5
    1⃣ U + 0031 U + 20E3 F987 F6FB F7BC
    2⃣ U + 0032 U + 20E3 F988 F6FC F7BD
    3⃣ U + 0033 U + 20E3 F989 F740 F7BE
    4⃣ U + 0034 U + 20E3 F98A F741 F7BF
    5⃣ U + 0035 U + 20E3 F98B F742 F7C0
    6⃣ U + 0036 U + 20E3 F98C F743 F7C1
    7⃣ U + 0037 U + 20E3 F98D F744 F7C2
    8⃣ U + 0038 U + 20E3 F98E F745 F7C3
    9⃣ U + 0039 U + 20E3 F98F F746 F7C4
  2. ↑ Previously in the Latin-1 block , supplement existing characters that have also been used as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    © U + 00A9 F9D6 F774 F7EE
    ® U + 00AE F9DB F775 F7EF
  3. ↑ Characters previously contained in the General Punctuation block that have also been used as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
      U + 2002 F7AA
      U + 2003 F7A9
      U + 2005 F7AB
    ‼ U + 203C F9A9 F3F1
    ⁉ U + 2049 F9A8 F3F0
  4. ↑ Characters already contained in the block of letter-like symbols that have also been used as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ™ U + 2122 F9D7 F76A FBD7
    ℹ U + 2139 F74F
  5. ↑ Characters previously contained in the arrows block that have also been used as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ↔ U + 2194 F9E1 F47E
    ↕ U + 2195 F9E2 F480
    ↖ U + 2196 F8F8 F768 F7D7
    ↗ U + 2197 F8D9 F771 F7D6
    ↘ U + 2198 F8F7 F769 F7D8
    ↙ U + 2199 F949 F772 F7D9
    ↩ U + 21A9 F97E F779
    ↪ U + 21AA F778
  6. ↑ Characters already contained in the block Various technical characters that have also been used as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ⌚ U + 231A F9C4 F797
    ⌛ U + 231B F798
  7. ↑ Characters already contained in the block Enclosed alphanumeric characters that have also been used as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    Ⓜ U + 24C2 F8BD
  8. ↑ Characters previously contained in the Geometric Shapes block that have also served as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ▪ U + 25AA F74E
    ▫ U + 25AB F74D
    ▶ U + 25B6 F74A F7DA
    ◀ U + 25C0 F749 F7DB
    ◻ U + 25FB F754
    ◼ U + 25FC F755
    ◽ U + 25FD F750
    ◾ U + 25FE F751
  9. ↑ Characters previously contained in the Various symbols block that have also been used as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ☀ U + 2600 F89F F660 F98B
    ☁ U + 2601 F8A0 F665 F98A
    ☎ U + 260E F8E8 F7B3 F949
    ☑ U + 2611 F7D9
    ☔ U + 2614 F8A1 F664 F98C
    ☕ U + 2615 F8D1 F7B4 F986
    ☝ U + 261D F6CF F94F
    ☺ U + 263A F6D4 FB54
    ♈ U + 2648 F8A7 F667 F7DF
    ♉ U + 2649 F8A8 F668 F7E0
    ♊ U + 264A F8A9 F669 F7E1
    ♋ U + 264B F8AA F66A F7E2
    ♌ U + 264C F8AB F66B F7E3
    ♍ U + 264D F8AC F66C F7E4
    ♎ U + 264E F8AD F66D F7E5
    ♏ U + 264F F8AE F66E F7E6
    ♐ U + 2650 F8AF F66F F7E7
    ♑ U + 2651 F8B0 F670 F7E8
    ♒ U + 2652 F8B1 F671 F7E9
    ♓ U + 2653 F8B2 F672 F7EA
    ♠ U + 2660 F8EF F7BE F7AE
    ♣ U + 2663 F8F1 F7C0 F7AF
    ♥ U + 2665 F8EE F378 F7AC
    ♦ U + 2666 F8F0 F7BF F7AD
    ♨ U + 2668 F99C F695 F763
    ♻ U + 267B F9DA F47D
    ♿ U + 267F F8FC F657 F7AA
    ⚓ U + 2693 F682
    ⚠ U + 26A0 F9DC F659 F7F2
    ⚡ U + 26A1 F8A3 F65F F77D
    ⚪ U + 26AA F756
    ⚫ U + 26AB F757
    ⚽ U + 26BD F8B7 F68F F958
    ⚾ U + 26BE F8B4 F693 F956
    ⛄ U + 26C4 F8A2 F65D F989
    ⛅ U + 26C5 F666
    ⛔ U + 26D4 F65C
    ⛪ U + 26EA F7EB F977
    ⛲ U + 26F2 F342 F761
    ⛳ U + 26F3 F8B5 F7B6 F954
    ⛵ U + 26F5 F947 F68D F95C
    ⛺ U + 26FA F343 F762
    ⛽ U + 26FD F8CC F78E F97A
  10. ↑ Characters already contained in the Dingbats block that have also been used as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ✂ U + 2702 F8D6 F6EF F9B3
    ✈ U + 2708 F8C3 F68C F95D
    ✉ U + 2709 F977 F6FA
    ✌ U + 270C F8F5 F7C3 F951
    ✏ U + 270F F9BE F679
    ✒ U + 2712 F952 F7DA
    ✔ U + 2714 F773
    ✖ U + 2716 F76B
    ✳ U + 2733 F75A F7A6
    ✴ U + 2734 F651 F7A5
    ❄ U + 2744 F662
    ❇ U + 2747 F644
    ❗ U + 2757 F9A7 F65A F961
    ❤ U + 2764 F991 F7B2 F962
    ➡ U + 27A1 F76E F7D4
  11. ↑ Characters already contained in the Additional Arrows-B block , which have also been used as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ⤴ U + 2934 F99A F3EE
    ⤵ U + 2935 F9A5 F3EF
  12. ↑ Characters already contained in the block Various symbols and arrows , which have also been used as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ⬅ U + 2B05 F76F F7D5
    ⬆ U + 2B06 F75B F7D2
    ⬇ U + 2B07 F75C F7D3
    ⬛ U + 2B1B F765
    ⬜ U + 2B1C F764
    ⭐ U + 2B50 F663 F9CF
    ⭕ U + 2B55 F381 F9D2
  13. ↑ Characters already contained in the block CJK symbols and punctuation , which have also been used as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    〰 U + 3030 F9AE
    〽 U + 303D F76C
  14. ↑ Characters already contained in the block Enclosed CJK characters and months that have also been used as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ㊗ U + 3297 F36C F9AD
    ㊙ U + 3299 F9D9 F6CA F9B5
  15. ↑ Characters already contained in the Mahjongg stones block , which have also been used as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ? U + 1F004 F344 F76D
  16. ↑ Characters already contained in the block Additional enclosed alphanumeric characters that have also been used as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ? U + 1F17F F8CD F67E F790
  17. ↑ Previously in the block Unicode block Additional enclosed CJK characters that have also been used as emojis since Unicode 6.0:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ? U + 1F21A F7B6
    ? U + 1F22F F35E F7CC
  18. ↑ New emojis added with Unicode 6.0 in the Various technical characters (PDF) block :
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ⏩ U + 23E9 F74C F7DC
    ⏪ U + 23EA F74B F7DD
    ⏫ U + 23EB F761
    ⏬ U + 23EC F760
    ⏰ U + 23F0 F95E F7B1
    ⏳ U + 23F3 F9C1 F654
  19. ↑ New emojis added with Unicode 6.0 in the various symbols (PDF) block :
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ⛎ U + 26CE F673 F7EB
  20. ↑ New emojis added with Unicode 6.0 in the Dingbats (PDF) block :
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ✅ U + 2705 F77A
    ✊ U + 270A F8F4 F488 F950
    ✋ U + 270B F8F6 F7C4 F952
    ✨ U + 2728 F99F F37E F9CE
    ❌ U + 274C F76C F9D3
    ❎ U + 274E F76D
    ❓ U + 2753 F65B F960
    ❔ U + 2754 F9D6
    ❕ U + 2755 F9D7
    ➕ U + 2795 F758
    ➖ U + 2796 F759
    ➗ U + 2797 F770
    ➰ U + 27B0 F9AF F3F2
  21. ↑ With Unicode 6.0 in the block Additional enclosed alphanumeric characters (PDF) newly inserted emojis:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ? U + 1F170 F3E7 FBD2
    ? U + 1F171 F3E8 FBD3
    ? U + 1F17E F3E9 FBD5
    ? U + 1F18E F3EA FBD4
    ? U + 1F191 F980 F7C8
    ? U + 1F192 F358 F7B4
    ? U + 1F193 F97B F795
    ? U + 1F194 F97C F35B F7C9
    ? U + 1F195 F982 F7E5 F7B2
    ? U + 1F196 F9D4
    ? U + 1F197 F9B0 F7CA F7ED
    ? U + 1F198 F6C1
    ? U + 1F199 F6E8 F7B3
    ? U + 1F19A F345 F76E
    ?? U + 1F1E8 U + 1F1F3 F3D2 FBB3
    ?? U + 1F1E9 U + 1F1EA F3CF FBAE
    ?? U + 1F1EA U + 1F1F8 F348 FBB1
    ?? U + 1F1EB U + 1F1F7 F3CE FBAD
    ?? U + 1F1EC U + 1F1E7 F3D1 FBB0
    ?? U + 1F1EE U + 1F1F9 F3D0 FBAF
    ?? U + 1F1EF U + 1F1F5 F6A5 FBAB
    ?? U + 1F1F0 U + 1F1F7 F3D3 FBB4
    ?? U + 1F1F7 U + 1F1FA F349 FBB2
    ?? U + 1F1FA U + 1F1F8 F790 FBAC
  22. ↑ With Unicode 6.0 in the block Additional enclosed CJK characters (PDF) newly inserted emojis:
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ? U + 1F201 F7A3
    ? U + 1F202 F35A F7C8
    ? U + 1F232 F9DD
    ? U + 1F233 F9DE F35D F7CB
    ? U + 1F234 F9DF
    ? U + 1F235 F9E0 F35C F7CA
    ? U + 1F236 F7B5
    ? U + 1F237 F7B7
    ? U + 1F238 F7B8
    ? U + 1F239 F359 F7C7
    ? U + 1F23A F35F F7CD
    ? U + 1F250 F6D0 F7C6
    ? U + 1F251 F7D8
  23. ↑ New emojis added with Unicode 6.0 in the playing cards block (PDF) :
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ? U + 1F0CF F473
  24. ↑ New emojis added with Unicode 6.0 in the Various Pictographic Symbols (PDF) block :
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ? U + 1F300 F8A4 F641 FB84
    ? U + 1F301 F8A5 F7B5
    ? U + 1F302 F8A6 F3BC FB7C
    ? U + 1F303 F957 F3C5 FB8C
    ? U + 1F304 F98E
    ? U + 1F305 F3C8 FB8A
    ? U + 1F306 F34D F787
    ? U + 1F307 FB8B
    ? U + 1F308 F3C6 FB8D
    ? U + 1F309 F698
    ? U + 1F30A F9E4 F481 FB7E
    ? U + 1F30B F457
    ? U + 1F30C F463
    ? U + 1F30F F7D0
    ? U + 1F311 F940 F7C5
    ? U + 1F313 F942 F7C7
    ? U + 1F314 F941 F7C6
    ? U + 1F315 F944
    ? U + 1F319 F943 F65E F98D
    ? U + 1F31B F661
    ? U + 1F31F F9D5
    ? U + 1F320 F640
    ? U + 1F330 F3F9
    ? U + 1F331 F9EB F482
    ? U + 1F334 F6BB F9A7
    ? U + 1F335 F369 F9A8
    ? U + 1F337 F9E8 F6BD F9A4
    ? U + 1F338 F9ED F6A3 F970
    ? U + 1F339 F7EA F972
    ? U + 1F33A F367 F9A3
    ? U + 1F33B F6BC F9A5
    ? U + 1F33C F44D
    ? U + 1F33D F3F7
    ? U + 1F33E FB85
    ? U + 1F33F F487
    ? U + 1F340 F9E6 F6EC F750
    ? U + 1F341 F9EC F6A7 F758
    ? U + 1F342 F340 F759
    ? U + 1F343 FB88
    ? U + 1F344 F3F8
    ? U + 1F345 F38F F9E9
    ? U + 1F346 F390 F9EA
    ? U + 1F347 F3F5
    ? U + 1F348 F3F3
    ? U + 1F349 F6A6 F9E8
    ? U + 1F34A F38E F9E6
    ? U + 1F34C F9E9 F3F6
    ? U + 1F34D F3F4
    ? U + 1F34E F9EA F38D F9E5
    ? U + 1F34F F45E
    ? U + 1F351 F3FA
    ? U + 1F352 F9E7 F6AB
    ? U + 1F353 F6AD F9E7
    ? U + 1F354 F8D4 F6AF F760
    ? U + 1F355 F3FC
    ? U + 1F356 F69D
    ? U + 1F357 F440
    ? U + 1F358 F387 F9DD
    ? U + 1F359 F9EE F6AE F9E2
    ? U + 1F35A F388 F9DE
    ? U + 1F35B F38A F9E1
    ? U + 1F35C F9F1 F7D1 F9E0
    ? U + 1F35D F389 F9DF
    ? U + 1F35E F9F2 F383 F9D9
    ? U + 1F35F F385 F9DB
    ? U + 1F360 F3FB
    ? U + 1F361 F386 F9DC
    ? U + 1F362 F38B F9E3
    ? U + 1F363 F38C F9E4
    ? U + 1F364 F474
    ? U + 1F365 F6C6
    ? U + 1F366 F384 F9DA
    ? U + 1F367 F3BE FB80
    ? U + 1F368 F44E
    ? U + 1F369 F44F
    ? U + 1F36A F450
    ? U + 1F36B F451
    ? U + 1F36C F452
    ? U + 1F36D F453
    ? U + 1F36E F45A
    ? U + 1F36F F45D
    ? U + 1F370 F9EF F6A9 F987
    ? U + 1F371 F391 F9EC
    ? U + 1F372 F392 F9ED
    ? U + 1F373 F6AA F788
    ? U + 1F374 F8D0 F685 F984
    ? U + 1F375 F9C3 F382 F9D8
    ? U + 1F376 F9F0 F36A F9AB
    ? U + 1F377 F9FB F69A
    ? U + 1F378 F8D2 F69B F985
    ? U + 1F379 F442
    ? U + 1F37A F8D3 F69C F988
    ? U + 1F37B F36B F9AC
    ? U + 1F380 F8E5 F7BC F9B4
    ? U + 1F381 F8E6 F6A8 F752
    ? U + 1F382 F8E7 F7BD F9EB
    ? U + 1F383 F3C2 FB86
    ? U + 1F384 F948 F6A2 F973
    ? U + 1F385 F3C4 FB89
    ? U + 1F386 F7FC F757
    ? U + 1F387 F3BF FB81
    ? U + 1F388 F36E F9B0
    ? U + 1F389 F36F F9B2
    ? U + 1F38A F647
    ? U + 1F38B F441
    ? U + 1F38C F34C F784
    ? U + 1F38D F3B7 FB76
    ? U + 1F38E F3B8 FB78
    ? U + 1F38F F3BB FB7B
    ? U + 1F390 F3C1 FB83
    ? U + 1F391 F3C3 FB87
    ? U + 1F392 F3BA FB7A
    ? U + 1F393 F3B9 FB79
    ? U + 1F3A0 F8DA
    ? U + 1F3A1 F645 F764
    ? U + 1F3A2 F3B6 FB73
    ? U + 1F3A3 F446
    ? U + 1F3A4 F8D7 F6DC F97C
    ? U + 1F3A5 F8D8 F6F0 F97D
    ? U + 1F3A6 FBA7
    ? U + 1F3A7 F8DB F6E1 F9AA
    ? U + 1F3A8 F8DC F7B9 FBA2
    ? U + 1F3A9 F8DD F3C9 FBA3
    ? U + 1F3AA F8DE F7BB
    ? U + 1F3AB F8DF F676 F765
    ? U + 1F3AC F950 F697 F9C4
    ? U + 1F3AD F7BA
    ? U + 1F3AE F8EC F69F
    ? U + 1F3AF F69E F770
    ? U + 1F3B0 F646 F773
    ? U + 1F3B1 F3B1 FB6C
    ? U + 1F3B2 F6A1
    ? U + 1F3B3 F447
    ? U + 1F3B4 F472
    ? U + 1F3B5 F99B F7EE F97E
    ? U + 1F3B6 F9A4 F6DE F9C6
    ? U + 1F3B7 F981
    ? U + 1F3B8 F6DF F982
    ? U + 1F3B9 F444
    ? U + 1F3BA F3B0 F983
    ? U + 1F3BB F6E0
    ? U + 1F3BC F3A0
    ? U + 1F3BD F8B3
    ? U + 1F3BE F8B6 F690 F955
    ? U + 1F3BF F8B8 F380 F953
    ? U + 1F3C0 F8B9 F7B7 FB6A
    ? U + 1F3C1 F8BA F692 F772
    ? U + 1F3C2 F9B7 F691
    ? U + 1F3C3 F9D8 F643 F755
    ? U + 1F3C4 F445 F957
    ? U + 1F3C6 F346 F771
    ? U + 1F3C8 F694 FB6B
    ? U + 1F3CA F3B2 FB6D
    ? U + 1F3E0 F8C4 F684 F976
    ? U + 1F3E1 F7E0
    ? U + 1F3E2 F8C5 F686 F978
    ? U + 1F3E3 F8C6 F351 F794
    ? U + 1F3E5 F8C7 F352 F796
    ? U + 1F3E6 F8C8 F683 F78E
    ? U + 1F3E7 F8C9 F67B F795
    ? U + 1F3E8 F8CA F354 F799
    ? U + 1F3E9 F3C7 FBA1
    ? U + 1F3EA F8CB F67C F797
    ? U + 1F3EB F9E3 F353 F798
    ? U + 1F3EC F3CA FBA4
    ? U + 1F3ED F3CD FBA8
    ? U + 1F3EE F696
    ? U + 1F3EF F3CB FBA5
    ? U + 1F3F0 F3CC FBA6
    ? U + 1F40C F9F3 F483
    ? U + 1F40D F3E3 FBCD
    ? U + 1F40E F774
    ? U + 1F411 FBC9
    ? U + 1F412 FBC8
    ? U + 1F414 F3E4 FBCE
    ? U + 1F417 F3E5 FBCF
    ? U + 1F418 F3E0 FBC6
    ? U + 1F419 F7F7 F74A
    ? U + 1F41A F3C0 FB82
    ? U + 1F41B F3DF FBC5
    ? U + 1F41C F6B6
    ? U + 1F41D F45B
    ? U + 1F41E F45C
    ? U + 1F41F F9F6 F959
    ? U + 1F420 F3DE FBC2
    ? U + 1F421 F6AC
    ? U + 1F422 F347
    ? U + 1F423 F34E
    ? U + 1F424 F9F4 F6B9 FBC3
    ? U + 1F425 F47A
    ? U + 1F426 FBC1
    ? U + 1F427 F9F5 F6B5 F996
    ? U + 1F428 F3E1 FBC7
    ? U + 1F429 F6B8
    ? U + 1F42B F3E6 FBD0
    ? U + 1F42C F3DC FBC0
    ? U + 1F42D F7F2 F994
    ? U + 1F42E F3E2 FBCB
    ? U + 1F42F F7F0 F991
    ? U + 1F430 F6B0 FBCC
    ? U + 1F431 F946 F6B4 F990
    ? U + 1F432 F443
    ? U + 1F433 F648 F995
    ? U + 1F434 F9F9 F6B1 F95A
    ? U + 1F435 F6B2 F749
    ? U + 1F436 F945 F6BA F993
    ? U + 1F437 F9FA F6B7 F74B
    ? U + 1F438 F6B3 FBD1
    ? U + 1F439 FBC4
    ? U + 1F43A FBCA
    ? U + 1F43B F7F1 F992
    ? U + 1F43C F44A
    ? U + 1F43D F44C
    ? U + 1F43E F6C7
    ? U + 1F440 F8F2 F7C1 FB59
    ? U + 1F442 F8F3 F7C2 FB5B
    ? U + 1F443 F3A4 FB5A
    ? U + 1F444 F3A5 FB5C
    ? U + 1F445 F44B
    ? U + 1F446 F360 F7CE
    ? U + 1F447 F361 F7CF
    ? U + 1F448 F6D8 F7D0
    ? U + 1F449 F6D9 F7D1
    ? U + 1F44A F9A2 F6CC F94D
    ? U + 1F44B F3AA FB5E
    ? U + 1F44C F3A8 FB60
    ? U + 1F44D F9CC F6D2 F94E
    ? U + 1F44E F3A9 FB61
    ? U + 1F44F F3A7 FB5F
    ? U + 1F450 FB62
    ? U + 1F451 F9BF F7F9 F74E
    ? U + 1F452 F371 F9B8
    ? U + 1F453 F8FB F6D7
    ? U + 1F454 F366 F9A2
    ? U + 1F455 F9B3 F7E6 F946
    ? U + 1F456 F9B6 F47B
    ? U + 1F457 F46F F9B9
    ? U + 1F458 F376 F9C1
    ? U + 1F459 F377 F9C2
    ? U + 1F45A F6E6
    ? U + 1F45B F9B4 F6DD
    ? U + 1F45C F8E3 F674 F9C3
    ? U + 1F45D F951
    ? U + 1F45E F7E7
    ? U + 1F45F F8FA F3EC F947
    ? U + 1F460 F8D5 F6F3 F77E
    ? U + 1F461 F9BA
    ? U + 1F462 F372 F9BB
    ? U + 1F463 F8F9 F3EB FBD6
    ? U + 1F464 F955
    ? U + 1F466 F941
    ? U + 1F467 F942
    ? U + 1F468 F6D5 F944
    ? U + 1F469 F6D3 F945
    ? U + 1F46A F6DA
    ? U + 1F46B FB68
    ? U + 1F46E F350 F793
    ? U + 1F46F F3AF FB69
    ? U + 1F470 F3BD
    ? U + 1F471 F3D4 FBB5
    ? U + 1F472 F3D5 FBB6
    ? U + 1F473 F3D6 FBB7
    ? U + 1F474 F3D7 FBB8
    ? U + 1F475 F3D8 FBB9
    ? U + 1F476 F3D9 FBBA
    ? U + 1F477 F3DA FBBB
    ? U + 1F478 F3DB FBBC
    ? U + 1F479 F448
    ? U + 1F47A F449
    ? U + 1F47B F6A4 F75B
    ? U + 1F47C F7EF F98F
    ? U + 1F47D F6E7 F74C
    ? U + 1F47E F6C5 F76B
    ? U + 1F47F F6C8 F75A
    ? U + 1F480 F6D1 F75C
    ? U + 1F481 F7F3
    ? U + 1F482 ECEC
    ? U + 1F483 F3DD FBBF
    ? U + 1F484 F9B5 F6E2 F9BC
    ? U + 1F485 F373 F9BD
    ? U + 1F486 F6E4 F9BE
    ? U + 1F487 F374 F9BF
    ? U + 1F488 F375 F9C0
    ? U + 1F489 F6E9 F77B
    ? U + 1F48A F36D F9AF
    ? U + 1F48B F99E F6C4 F943
    ? U + 1F48C F9BC F47C
    ? U + 1F48D F9C0 F6ED F974
    ? U + 1F48E F975
    ? U + 1F48F F7FA F751
    ? U + 1F490 F368 F9A6
    ? U + 1F491 F3AE FB65
    ? U + 1F492 FB7D
    ? U + 1F493 F992 F479 F9C7
    ? U + 1F494 F993 F64F F963
    ? U + 1F495 F994 F650
    ? U + 1F496 F379
    ? U + 1F497 F9C8
    ? U + 1F498 F6C3 F9C9
    ? U + 1F499 F37A F9CA
    ? U + 1F49A F37B F9CB
    ? U + 1F49B F37C F9CC
    ? U + 1F49C F37D F9CD
    ? U + 1F49D F458 FB77
    ? U + 1F49E F7CC
    ? U + 1F49F F7A4
    ? U + 1F4A0 F99D
    ? U + 1F4A1 F9A0 F64E F74F
    ? U + 1F4A2 F9A1 F6BE F9D4
    ? U + 1F4A3 F9A3 F652 F9B1
    ? U + 1F4A4 F9A6 F64D F77C
    ? U + 1F4A5 F9AA F7CD
    ? U + 1F4A6 F9AB F7CE F9D1
    ? U + 1F4A7 F9AC F6BF
    ? U + 1F4A8 F9AD F6CD F9D0
    ? U + 1F4A9 F6CE F99B
    ? U + 1F4AA F6C2 F78D
    ? U + 1F4AB F460
    ? U + 1F4AC F6D6
    ? U + 1F4AE F6C9
    ? U + 1F4AF F6CB
    ? U + 1F4B0 F9BA F6A0 F76F
    ? U + 1F4B1 F78A
    ? U + 1F4B2 F796
    ? U + 1F4B3 F799
    ? U + 1F4B4 F97A F79A
    ? U + 1F4B5 F7A2
    ? U + 1F4B8 F45F
    ? U + 1F4B9 F34F F78B
    ? U + 1F4BA F956 F75F
    ? U + 1F4BB F9BB F7E8 F94C
    ? U + 1F4BC F341 F75E
    ? U + 1F4BD F79F F9B6
    ? U + 1F4BE F77E
    ? U + 1F4BF F8ED F6E5 F766
    ? U + 1F4C0 F767
    ? U + 1F4C1 F7AC
    ? U + 1F4C2 F7AD
    ? U + 1F4C3 F77D
    ? U + 1F4C4 F786
    ? U + 1F4C5 F780
    ? U + 1F4C6 F787
    ? U + 1F4C7 F789
    ? U + 1F4C8 F792
    ? U + 1F4C9 F793
    ? U + 1F4CA F791
    ? U + 1F4CB F781
    ? U + 1F4CC F78A
    ? U + 1F4CD F77C
    ? U + 1F4CE F9D5 F678
    ? U + 1F4CF F78D
    ? U + 1F4D0 F67A
    ? U + 1F4D1 F7E2
    ? U + 1F4D2 F78B
    ? U + 1F4D3 F788
    ? U + 1F4D4 F675
    ? U + 1F4D5 F785
    ? U + 1F4D6 F8E4 F677 F789
    ? U + 1F4D7 F782
    ? U + 1F4D8 F783
    ? U + 1F4D9 F784
    ? U + 1F4DA F78C
    ? U + 1F4DB F6F6
    ? U + 1F4DC F77B
    ? U + 1F4DD F8EA F365 F9A1
    ? U + 1F4DE F6F7
    ? U + 1F4DF F8BB F7B8
    ? U + 1F4E0 F974 F6F9 F94B
    ? U + 1F4E1 F681 F78C
    ? U + 1F4E2 F783
    ? U + 1F4E3 F9B7
    ? U + 1F4E4 F7AF
    ? U + 1F4E5 F7B0
    ? U + 1F4E6 F6F8
    ? U + 1F4E7 F475
    ? U + 1F4E8 F7AE
    ? U + 1F4E9 F973 F466 F743
    ? U + 1F4EA F6F4
    ? U + 1F4EB F7E1 F741
    ? U + 1F4EE F742
    ? U + 1F4F0 F7A8
    ? U + 1F4F1 F8E9 F7A5 F94A
    ? U + 1F4F2 F972 F7DF F744
    ? U + 1F4F3 F363 F7F0
    ? U + 1F4F4 F364 F7F1
    ? U + 1F4F6 F357 F7AB
    ? U + 1F4F7 F8E2 F6EE F948
    ? U + 1F4F9 F79B
    ? U + 1F4FA F8EB F6DB F76A
    ? U + 1F4FB F7E9 F768
    ? U + 1F4FC F79D F769
    ? U + 1F503 F7E4
    ? U + 1F50A F6EA F782
    ? U + 1F50B F7A1
    ? U + 1F50C F7A6
    ? U + 1F50D F981 F6F1 F754
    ? U + 1F50E F7DC
    ? U + 1F50F F7E3
    ? U + 1F510 F7D3
    ? U + 1F511 F97D F6F2 F980
    ? U + 1F512 F6F5 F785
    ? U + 1F513 F786
    ? U + 1F514 F9B8 F6EB F9C5
    ? U + 1F516 F7DE
    ? U + 1F517 F7A7
    ? U + 1F518 F7DB
    ? U + 1F519 F7DD
    ? U + 1F51A F95D
    ? U + 1F51B F95C
    ? U + 1F51C F95B
    ? U + 1F51D F7EC
    ? U + 1F51E F356 F7A7
    ? U + 1F51F F747
    ? U + 1F520 F7D4
    ? U + 1F521 F7D5
    ? U + 1F522 F7D6
    ? U + 1F523 F7D7
    ? U + 1F524 F459
    ? U + 1F525 F653 F75D
    ? U + 1F526 F7A0
    ? U + 1F527 F9BD F7A4
    ? U + 1F528 F7FB F756
    ? U + 1F529 F79E
    ? U + 1F52A F79C
    ? U + 1F52B F6E3 F753
    ? U + 1F52E F362
    ? U + 1F52F F7DE
    ? U + 1F530 F658 F7A9
    ? U + 1F531 F971
    ? U + 1F532 F7BA
    ? U + 1F533 F7BB
    ? U + 1F534 F766 F7B9
    ? U + 1F535 F767
    ? U + 1F536 F762
    ? U + 1F537 F763
    ? U + 1F538 F752
    ? U + 1F539 F753
    ? U + 1F53A F776
    ? U + 1F53B F777
    ? U + 1F53C F75F
    ? U + 1F53D F75E
    ? U + 1F550 F964
    ? U + 1F551 F965
    ? U + 1F552 F966
    ? U + 1F553 F967
    ? U + 1F554 F968
    ? U + 1F555 F969
    ? U + 1F556 F96A
    ? U + 1F557 F96B
    ? U + 1F558 F96C
    ? U + 1F559 F96D
    ? U + 1F55A F96E
    ? U + 1F55B F96F
    ? U + 1F5FB F9E5 F7ED F97B
    ? U + 1F5FC F699 FBA9
    ? U + 1F5FD FBBD
    ? U + 1F5FE F78F
    ? U + 1F5FF F470
  25. ↑ New emojis added with Unicode 6.0 in the Smileys (PDF) block :
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ? U + 1F601 F9F8 F485 FB44
    ? U + 1F602 F468 FB52
    ? U + 1F603 F995 F649 F998
    ? U + 1F604 FB55
    ? U + 1F605 F9C7
    ? U + 1F606 F9CF
    ? U + 1F609 F9CE F7F3 FB45
    ? U + 1F60A F3A1 F997
    ? U + 1F60B F9F7
    ? U + 1F60C F9C6 F399 FB4A
    ? U + 1F60D F9CB F7F4 F746
    ? U + 1F60F F9D1 F393 FB42
    ? U + 1F612 F9CA F39D FB4E
    ? U + 1F613 F9C8 F7F6 F748
    ? U + 1F614 F9C5 F394 FB43
    ? U + 1F616 F998 F397 FB47
    ? U + 1F618 F3A3 FB58
    ? U + 1F61A F3A2 FB57
    ? U + 1F61C F9CD F6C0 F745
    ? U + 1F61D FB49
    ? U + 1F61E F997 F999
    ? U + 1F620 F996 F64A F99A
    ? U + 1F621 F9C9 F461 FB56
    ? U + 1F622 F9D3 F46D FB53
    ? U + 1F623 F9D0 F396 FB46
    ? U + 1F624 F395
    ? U + 1F625 FB41
    ? U + 1F628 F39A FB4B
    ? U + 1F629 F46B
    ? U + 1F62A F398 FB48
    ? U + 1F62B F64C
    ? U + 1F62D F9D2 F64B FB51
    ? U + 1F630 F39F FB4F
    ? U + 1F631 F9FC F7F5 F747
    ? U + 1F632 F39E FB50
    ? U + 1F633 F39C FB4D
    ? U + 1F635 F999 F7CB
    ? U + 1F637 F39B FB4C
    ? U + 1F638 F484
    ? U + 1F639 F467
    ? U + 1F63A F465
    ? U + 1F63B F469
    ? U + 1F63C F46E
    ? U + 1F63D F464
    ? U + 1F63E F462
    ? U + 1F63F F46C
    ? U + 1F640 F46A
    ? U + 1F645 F3AB FB63
    ? U + 1F646 F3AC FB64
    ? U + 1F647 F3AD FB66
    ? U + 1F648 F454
    ? U + 1F649 F456
    ? U + 1F64A F455
    ? U + 1F64B F48A
    ? U + 1F64C F48B FB67
    ? U + 1F64D F48C
    ? U + 1F64E F48D
    ? U + 1F64F F3A6 FB5D
  26. ↑ New emojis added with Unicode 6.0 in the traffic and map symbols block (PDF) :
    character Code point (s) in Unicode DoCoMo Shift-JIS Code KDDI Shift-JIS code SoftBank Shift-JIS code
    ? U + 1F680 F7F8 F74D
    ? U + 1F683 F8BC F68E F95E
    ? U + 1F684 F8BE FB75
    ? U + 1F685 F689 F95F
    ? U + 1F687 F7EC FB74
    ? U + 1F689 F471 F979
    ? U + 1F68C F8C1 F688 F79A
    ? U + 1F68F F680 F791
    ? U + 1F691 F3B4 FB71
    ? U + 1F692 F3B3 FB70
    ? U + 1F693 F3B5 FB72
    ? U + 1F695 F79B
    ? U + 1F697 F8BF F68A F95B
    ? U + 1F699 F8C0 FB6E
    ? U + 1F69A F68B FB6F
    ? U + 1F6A2 F8C2 F355 F7A2
    ? U + 1F6A4 F775
    ? U + 1F6A5 F8CE F642 F78F
    ? U + 1F6A7 F34A F777
    ? U + 1F6A8 F477
    ? U + 1F6A9 F983 F3ED
    ? U + 1F6AA F9B9
    ? U + 1F6AB F75D
    ? U + 1F6AC F8E0 F655 F9AE
    ? U + 1F6AD F8E1 F656 F7A8
    ? U + 1F6B2 F9C2 F687 F776
    ? U + 1F6B6 F476 F7A1
    ? U + 1F6B9 F778
    ? U + 1F6BA F779
    ? U + 1F6BB F8CF F67D F792
    ? U + 1F6BC F77A
    ? U + 1F6BD F781
    ? U + 1F6BE F9A9
    ? U + 1F6C0 F34B F780

Remarks

  1. ^ Riordan, MA (2017). Emojis as a tool for emotion work: Communicating affect in text messages. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 0261927X17704238 quoted. according to Appel, Markus (2018) VL Psychology of Online and Mobile Communication 1
  2. ↑ Emojis were called "Setzerscherze" in 1893 .
  3. ↑ Olivia Goldhill: Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of the great 20th-century philosophers. He also invented the emoji , qz.com , April 28, 2018, accessed May 1. 2018
  4. ↑ Ludwig Wittgenstein : Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religion , p. 23, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1968, translation from English, accessed on May 1, 2018
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Jeff Blagdon: How emoji conquered the world . In: The Verge . March 4, 2013. (English)
  6. ↑ Rob Price: This 31-year-old Australian accidentally built a huge empire by cataloging all the world's emojis. In: Business Insider UK . January 17, 2016, accessed March 27, 2017 .
  7. ^ Book from the Ground. The MIT press, accessed May 18, 2015 .
  8. ↑ the word of the year is none at all. In: Spiegel Online . Retrieved January 25, 2016 .
  9. ↑ Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2015 is… November 16, 2015, accessed on January 5, 2017 .
  10. ↑ Diane J. Skiba: Face with Tears of Joy Is Word of the Year: Are Emoji a Sign of Things to Come in Health Care? In: Nursing Education Perspectives . tape 37 , no. 1 , 2016, ISSN  1943-4685 , p. 56-57 , doi : 10.1097 / 01.NEP.0000476112.24899.a1 .
  11. ↑ a b Unicode Emoji FAQ # 3: How have emoji been encoded on cell phones ?. (English)
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Unicode: Directory of Unicode emojis and their equivalents in Japanese industrial standards. (English)
  13. ↑ a b Unicode Emoji FAQ # 4: How are emoji encoded in Unicode ?. (English)
  14. ↑ Mark Davis, Peter Edberg: UTR # 51: Unicode Emoji. In: unicode.org. November 22, 2016, accessed January 8, 2017 .
  15. ↑ a b The Unicode Blog: Announcing The Unicode Standard, Version 7.0 (Engl.)
  16. ^ A complete-ish list of the 200+ new emoji Unicode introduced today. (English)
  17. ↑ a b Unicode Emoji FAQ # 4.1: How many emoji characters are in Unicode now ?. (English)
  18. ↑ Unicode Emoji FAQ # 5: How should emoji be displayed ?. (English)
  19. ↑ Unicode Emoji FAQ # 6: What about characters whose name specifies a color ?. (English)
  20. ↑ Unicode: New features in version 6.1. (English)
  21. ↑ Unicode: Directory of standardized character variants. (English)
  22. ↑ Unicode: Graphically prepared directory of standardized character variants. ( Memento of the original from May 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.unicode.org
  23. ↑ Hannah Miller, Jacob Thebault-Spieker, Shuo Chang, Isaac Johnson, Loren Terveen, Brent Hecht: “Blissfully happy” or “ready to fight”: Varying Interpretations of Emoji ( Memento of the original from April 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info : The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) GroupLens Research, University of Minnesota, 2016, 10th International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM-16) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / grouplens.org
  24. ^ Hannah Miller: Investigating the Potential for Miscommunication Using Emoji
  25. ↑ Unicode Emoji FAQ No.12: Why can't I find my national flag in my mobile application or on my smart phone ?. (English)
  26. ↑ Unicode Emoji FAQ # 13: But the Unicode Standard includes other flags, why don't you include my flag ?. (English)
  27. ↑ Most-used emoji revealed: Americans love skulls, Brazilians love cats, the French love hearts , SwiftKey, April 21, 2015
  28. ↑ Sabrina Eimler, Stephan Winter, Tina Ganster: In the network of smiles. , Culture and Management in Dialogue, No. 104, August 2015 (PDF) pp. 17–20
  29. ↑ Monica A. Riordan: Emojis as Tools for Emotion Work: Communicating Affect in Text Messages . In: Journal of Language and Social Psychology . tape 36 , no. 5 , April 11, 2017, ISSN  1552-6526 , p. 549-567 , doi : 10.1177 / 0261927X17704238 .
  30. ↑ Michael Beißwenger, Steffen Pappert: Trading with emojis. Floor plan of a linguistics of small icons in WhatsApp communication . UVRR, Duisburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-95605-069-5 .
  31. ↑ Michael Beißwenger, Steffen Pappert: Small talk with pictorial symbols. The contribution of emojis to everyday digital communication . In: Journal of Literary Studies and Linguistics . tape 50 , no. 1 , April 11, 2017, ISSN  0049-8653 , p. 89-114 , doi : 10.1007 / s41244-020-00160-5 .
  32. ↑ Does the emoji come before or after the punctuation mark? , blog.wdr.de
  33. ↑ : Kralj Novak P, Smailović J, Sluban B, Mozetič I (2015) Sentiment of Emojis. PLoS ONE 10 (12): e0144296.