English thistle
| English thistle | ||||||||||||
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English thistle ( Cirsium dissectum ) |
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| Cirsium dissectum | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Hill |
The English seared thistle ( Cirsium dissectum ) is a type of plant from the genus of the seared thistle ( Cirsium ), which belongs to the subfamily of Carduoideae within the family of the Asteraceae .
description
It is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of about 30 to 100 centimeters. It forms a rhizome . In contrast to some other species of thistle, the stem is not winged with thorns and leaves only a few and small leaves in the upper part. The lower leaves are elongated, lobed to undivided, unevenly thorny ciliate all around, 8 to 25 cm long and 2 to 3 cm wide. They are green on the top and gray, cobweby-woolly underneath.
Usually only one cup-shaped inflorescence is developed per stem , which has a height of 2.5 to 3 cm and a diameter of 2 to 2.5 cm and contains only tubular flowers. The hermaphrodite tubular flowers are purple-red. The flowering period extends from June to July. The smooth achenes are 3 to 4 mm long, weigh 1.3 to 3.6 mg and have a long, pure white pappus.
A similar looking species is the tuberous thistle ( Cirsium tuberosum ), which is sometimes mistakenly referred to as a synonym for the English seared thistle. However, it has spindle-shaped thickened roots.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 34.
Occurrence
The English thistle is very widespread in the Atlantic - it inhabits north-western Europe. In Germany, only the extreme northwest of the north German lowlands near the border with the Netherlands is reached, especially East Frisia .
Cirsium dissectum grows in poor grassland communities, especially in rush and pipe grass meadows, also on raised bog edges with wet heather and grass grass (for example together with the devil's bite ). The locations are characterized by moist to wet, nutrient and base poor conditions; mostly these are former low and high moors. It is a character species of the Caro-verticillati-Juncetum acutiflori from the Juncion acutiflori association.
Specialty
It was not until 1876 that this species was found near Leer in Germany. Possibly favored by peat cultivation and increasing use of grassland, the English thistle was probably able to spread from the Netherlands. Since the middle of the 20th century, the stocks have been in constant decline due to intensive drainage measures, land consolidation and the use of fertilizers. In the main occurrence in Lower Saxony and thus also nationwide, the species is considered "critically endangered". In the Netherlands it is classified as “vrij zeldzam” (scattered) and “zeer stark afgenomen” (very strong tendency to decline).
Systematics
Cirsium dissectum belongs in the genus Cirsium to the section Cirsium (Syn .: Cirsium Sect. Chamaeleon DC. ).
The synonyms for Cirsium dissectum (L.) Hill are : Cirsium tuberosum (L.) All. subsp. anglicum (Lam.) Braun-Blanq. , Cnicus pratensis (Huds.) Willd., Non Lam. , Cirsium anglicum (Lam.) DC.
literature
- Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- Eckhard Garve: Atlas of the endangered fern and flowering plants in Lower Saxony and Bremen. Nature conservation landscape conservation Lower Saxony 30, 1994, ISBN 3-922321-68-2
- Natasha de Vere: Cirsium dissectum . In: Journal of Ecology , 2007, Volume 95, Issue 4, pages 876-894. doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2745.2007.01265.x
Single receipts
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 966 .
- ↑ Compare Nederlandse Rode Lijst (planten) in the Dutch Wikipedia.
- ↑ Natasha de Vere: Cirsium dissectum . In: Journal of Ecology , 2007, Volume 95, Issue 4, pages 876-894. doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2745.2007.01265.x
Web links
- English thistle. In: FloraWeb.de.
- English thistle . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Thomas Meyer: Thistle data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )