English Quarter (Dresden)
The English Quarter was a district in the eastern Dresden Seevorstadt south of the Bürgerwiese . It emerged from the second quarter of the 18th century as a result of the strong population growth of the capital of the Kingdom of Saxony in the transition area between the Dresden suburbs and the then suburban suburbs. It was named after the many English living there who built the English Church at the end of the 1860s and founded the Dresden English Football Club in 1874 .
history
The Weißeritz as well as the lack of crossings on the railway line, which ran at ground level at that time, acted as barriers in the west, in the east there was a royal construction ban from the city to and around the Great Garden from 1826 to the 1860s , so that the city's growth mainly to the north and the South took place, which is particularly reflected on the left side of the old town in the 19th century incorporations . In addition to the increased utilization of the living space by adding storeys and building free courtyard areas, especially along the arteries, qualitatively improved means of transport also made it possible to separate living and working locations, which led to the creation of new residential areas.
In 1826, Frédéric de Villers , French professor at the Dresden Cadet Institute , acquired a large part of the extensive garden property of the Palais Moszinska from the inheritance of his deceased brother-in-law and had existing commercial and residential buildings on the Bürgerwiese expanded and converted. From 1838 onwards, he sold large parts of the garden in inexpensive plots, which was the trigger for the new development of the English Quarter. First of all, the building was built towards the north-west of the city ( e.g. Bürgerwiese 14 apartment building ). The property owners were able to get the city through that this could be done in a closed form, which gave them significantly more rentable living space compared to open villa developments. Already in 1846/47 the construction of the Lüttichaustraße branching off from the Bürgerwiese (today's Hans-Dankner-Straße) was necessary in the west of the area , which in the following years formed the starting point for further streets: Struve-, Moscinsky- and Räcknitzer Straße as well as Lindengasse. It was not until 1863 that the building authorities stipulated that the as yet undeveloped area along the outer (= eastern) Bürgerwiese should be developed in open development.
With the participation of the Prussian horticultural director Peter Joseph Lenné , who wanted to create a merging of the park-like Bürgerwiese with the residential area, the next streets (Goethe, Lessing, Gellert and Parkstraße ) were no longer strictly linear and at right angles to one another, but were kept - in Continuation of a natural park landscape in the English style - a curved tour. He also recommended that the quarter be kept free of industrial activities that generate emissions and that the streets should be laid out wide in order to enable avenue-like tree planting, which should significantly improve the quality of living. Even if not all of Lenné's suggestions were taken into account, elegant villas such as those on Beuststrasse 1 or Goethestrasse 6 were built .
1945 marked the end of the English Quarter: almost the entire quarter was destroyed by the air raids on Dresden and the clearing of the city. During the reconstruction of Dresden during the socialist era, some streets were changed. Since then, apartment blocks have been the predominant development, particularly in the eastern part.
The Villa Salzburg, built in 1874 on Tiergartenstrasse opposite the main entrance of the Dresden Zoo, is the last building in the English Quarter. Today it belongs to the neighboring district of Strehlen .
literature
- Thomas Kantschew: The urban development of Dresden in the 19th century: From the demolition to the early days. Berlin, 1996, chap. 4.4.
- Thomas Wieczorek: The villa district on the Bürgerwiese. In: Ronald Franke, Heidrun Laudel (Ed.): Building in Dresden in the 19th and 20th centuries. Edition Sandstein, Dresden 1991, p. 25f.
Footnotes
- ↑ Tiergartenstrasse. In: Dresdner-Stadtteile.de. Retrieved August 25, 2016 .
Coordinates: 51 ° 2 ′ 31 ″ N , 13 ° 44 ′ 20 ″ E