Eno (people)
The Eno , also Oenock or Haynoke , were a North American Indian tribe from the Sioux language family . They were linguistically and culturally related to the tribes of the Shakori , Adshusheer and other eastern peoples of the Sioux, whose traditional habitat was in the Piedmont region of the Appalachians in what is now the states of Virginia and North Carolina . Scientists suspect that the Sioux once formed a single large group in the Ohio River valley , which later separated and then moved either east or west. The last survivors of the Eno were taken in and integrated by either the Catawba around 1716 or the Saponi around 1730. The tribe has therefore been considered extinct since that time.
history
In the 18th century, the Eno lived mostly on the upper reaches of Eno River and Shocco Creek in what is now Orange and Durham counties in North Carolina. All information about the life of the Eno comes from documents from the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Governor George Yardley of Virginia was the first to mention the Eno, whom he called Haynoke , and related their opposition to the Spanish conquerors. The German explorer John Lederer gave a detailed description of the Oenock Indians , as he called the Eno, in 1670 . He described that they work as porters for their neighbors in order to earn money. Their round houses made of braided branches and reeds were not covered with tree bark, as in the Virginia and North Carolina Algonquins , but were sealed with clay and mud. They were arranged around a round square in the center of the village. The village was surrounded by vast fields where they grew corn and harvested it three times a year. When their granaries were full, the corn was stored outside. Lederer described the Eno as short and was very impressed by her hard work.
John Lawson was the chief surveyor of the North Carolina colony and visited the Eno and allied tribes on behalf of the government in 1701. He reported on a meeting with Eno-Will , the chief of the Eno and allied tribes. It was first served in the village of Occaneechi , which was on the Eno River near what is now Hillsborough . He then visited the village of Adshusheer , 22 km to the east , which was shared by members of the Eno, Shoccoree and Adshusheer. Lawson's account is the only detailed description of the culture of these tribes.
The concentration of several previously separate tribes in Adshusheer suggests that their numbers had decreased dramatically due to wars and European diseases against which they had no defenses. Governor Alexander Spotswood of Virginia wanted to permanently resettle the 750 or so survivors in Eno Town in 1716 to protect them from hostile tribes, but the governors of North and South Carolina were against and foiled the plan. After that no one heard from the Eno. Presumably they moved to the Catawba in South Carolina around 1716 and were integrated into their tribe by them. A part of the Eno could also have been absorbed by the Saponi a little later.
The Eno River in Orange County and Durham Counties, as well as Enno in southwest Wake County , all in North Carolina, were named after them. The connection to Enoree River and the small town of Enoree , both in South Carolina, is controversial .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Eno Indians. Retrieved November 26, 2016 .
- ↑ Eno Tribe. Retrieved November 26, 2016 .