Entoria

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Entoria is a figure from Roman mythology . According to tradition, she was the daughter of an old Italian farmer and lover of the god Saturnus , with whom she fathered Ianus , Hymnus, Faustus and Felix.

history

In the Parallela minora attributed to Plutarch , it is said that Saturnus taught Entoria's father how to make wine and ordered him to show it to his neighbors. While intoxicated, they thought that the wine would poison them and therefore stoned the farmer, whereupon Entoria's four sons hanged themselves out of grief.

Later the Romans were struck by a plague. The oracle of Apollo commanded them to reconcile the angry Saturnus and the shadows of those wrongly perished, because the plague was a punishment for the injustice done to them. Therefore, Lutatius Catulus had a temple of Saturn built on the Tarpeian rock and set up an altar with four faces. He dedicated the month of January to Janus . Finally, Saturnus moved Entorias father and sons to heaven, where they form the asterism of the winemakers ( προτυγητῆρες protrygeteres ).

background

In the case of Pseudo-Plutarch, the story appears under the title " Ikarios entertains Dionysus ", supposedly coming from the Erigone of Eratosthenes of Cyrene . The similarities between the legend of Entoria and the myth of Ikarios, the Attic cultural hero and inventor of viticulture, and his daughter Erigone are pronounced. However, in the Greek version there is no mention of the sons of Dionysus and of course the aetiological , Rome-related part concerning the foundation of the Temple of Saturn is missing.

As for the mind of the father and his grandchildren, the star Vindemiatrix ("winemaker"), whose heliacal rise occurs in early autumn, was known in ancient times as the Vindemiator ("winemaker", Greek προτρυγητήσ ). The star is also mentioned by this name in Aratos von Soloi .

Pseudo-Plutarch, who speaks of a star group, refers to the Phainomena of Critolaus , an otherwise unknown author. According to him, the rising of the asterisks heralds the grape harvest, with the star corresponding to Janus appearing first. This group of a total of five stars possibly corresponds to the star constellation called Al Awwa (“crier”) in Arabic astronomy , to which, in addition to Vindemiatrix (ε Virginis), the stars Zavijava (β Virginis), Zaniah (η Virginis), Porrima , (γ Virginis) ) and Minelava (δ Virginis) in the constellation of Virgo . As a result, Ianus should be identified as Zavijava (β Virginis), since its heliacal rise takes place in early September before Vindemiatrix.

A Lutatius Catulus, who, as the builder of the Temple of Saturnus, can be dated to the earliest history of Rome, is apparently invented, since the Lutatier were a plebeian gene whose representatives only began in the 3rd century BC. In Rome appeared politically. However, it was a Quintus Lutatius Catulus who lived in 78 BC. BC had the Tabularium adjacent to the Temple of Saturnus built for the Roman State Archives.

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literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ John U. Powell: Collectanea Alexandrina. Oxford 1925, p. 64 ff.
  2. Aratos Phainomena 137