Epascestria pustulalis

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Epascestria pustulalis
Epascestria pustulalis

Epascestria pustulalis

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Crambidae
Subfamily : Odontiinae
Genre : Epascestria
Type : Epascestria pustulalis
Scientific name
Epascestria pustulalis
( Huebner , 1823)

Epascestria pustulalis is a ( small ) butterfly from the family of Crambidae .

features

The moths have a wingspan of 17 to 22 mm (17–20 mm or a fore wing length of 9 to 10 mm). Drawing and coloring are variable. The basic color is yellow-brown, light brown, red-brown, chestnut brown to dark brown, in the east of the distribution area predominantly lighter specimens occur, which is what makes up the subsp. orientalis Caradja, 1916. Occasionally the wing becomes a little darker towards the outer edge. The hind wings are usually a little darker than the fore wings and can also be brown to blackish brown. A row of elongated, yellow or yellow-white dots can be formed in the middle field, which splits into two rows in the middle of the wing. In the extreme case, the row of points can be reduced to one or two points near the wing leading edge. In the other extreme case, the splitting row of dots can also be described as a yellow band which is interrupted by narrow spaces and splits towards the front edge. In such bright specimens, two to three dense root streaks are also formed in the root field. There can also be a light hemline or a hemline broken up into dots. The hind wings are usually uniformly colored or become a bit darker towards the outer edge and very rarely have a few, indistinct light spots in the middle field or an indistinct root line. The fringes on the fore and hind wings are usually a little lighter than the basic color, especially if the wings are a little darker towards the outer edge.

The antennae of the male are ciliate, the antennae of the female are simple and thread-like (filiform).

Caterpillar

The body of the caterpillar is whitish, yellowish white to gray with a black head. The head shield is also black. Only the mouthparts and the antennae are light brown. The topline is yellowish or whitish. The pinacula are clearly developed and colored black. The caterpillar becomes fully grown to about 16 mm long.

Doll

The red-brown pupa is about 8 mm long and 2.8 mm in diameter. It is stocky and somewhat flattened dorsoventrally. The front and rear ends are rounded, but the rear end is slightly more pointed. The surface sculpture is finely papillary or wrinkled in some places. Apart from the bristles on the Kremaster, the bristles are generally rather small. The approximately pentagonal labium is comparatively large. The palpi maxillares are very long and narrow and pointed median. The proboscis is longer than the front legs but shorter than the middle legs. The antennae are in turn shorter than the middle legs and fore wings. The anal field is comparatively small. The short and wide cremaster tapers towards the rounded rear end. The short, hook-like bristles Ll and D2 stand close to one another and each arise from a small dimple.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species prefers to live in open habitats on dry and sandy soils, along roadsides, debris and fields. It occurs widespread in Southern Europe, very locally also in Central Europe (Luxembourg, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary). In Germany the species is currently only found in Brandenburg, before 1980 there were also finds from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. In Poland, the type is known from numerous locations spread across the country. In the north, individual occurrences extend to the Baltic states, southern Finland and southern Sweden ( Södermanland County , Kronoberg County , Öland and Gotland ). The distribution area extends over Asia Minor, the southern Caucasus region, Syria, Lebanon, Israel and further to Iran. Individual occurrences are also known in Belarus, Ukraine and southern Russia.

Way of life

The species is probably bivoltine in southern Europe, ie it forms two overlapping generations, whose moths fly from May to September. In the north of the area probably only one generation is formed. According to Hasenfuss, the caterpillar grew up in early June (the information referred to the area around Szczecin). The moths fly to Hannemann in June and July, probably related to Germany. The caterpillar lives in large, blistered space mines in the leaves of the common ox-tongue ( Anchusa officinalis ) and the common adder's head ( Echium vulgare ). The mines are usually located near the midrib of the leaf. The caterpillars overwinter and pupate in the mine. The caterpillar does not spin a cocoon, but the pupa lies loosely in the central part of the mine.

Taxonomy and systematics

The species was first scientifically described by Jacob Huebner in 1823 as Pyralis pustulalis . It is the type species of the genera Epascestria Hübner, 1823 and Phlyctaenodes Guenée, 1854. The latter is thus an objective synonym of Epascestria .

The eastern subspecies Epascestria pustulalis orientalis Caradja, 1916 was reunited with the nominate subspecies by M. Nuss and J. Hayden.

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Slamka (2006: p. 74)
  2. ↑ a b Naturhistoriska riksmuseet - Epascestria pustulalis
  3. ↑ a b Hannemann (1964: p. 300)
  4. ↑ Hasenfuss (1960: p. 225)
  5. ↑ Jan Patočka: The pupae of the Central European borer (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Pyralidae). Subfamilies Acentropinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae and Pyraustinae. Linz biological amounts, 33/1: 347-405, Linz 2001 PDF
  6. ↑ Gaedicke, R. & W. Heinicke (1999): Directory of Butterflies in Germany (Entomofauna Germanica 3). - Entomological News and Reports, Supplement 5: 1-216.
  7. ^ Rare and protected butterflies and dragonflies around Lake Praviršulis 2007-2008
  8. ↑ Jonathan's Check-List of Israeli insects - Crambidae ( Memento of the original from April 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / ftic.biz
  9. ^ Jacob Huebner: Collection of European butterflies. 6. Horde. The moth; ordered, described and presented according to nature (continued by C. Geyer). - Augsburg. [i] - [iv], [i-ii], [i-ii], 1-30, [i-ii], [i-ii], pls. 1-32, Augsburg 1796-1833 (imprint "1796"). (Hübner, 1823: Plate 30, Fig. 191, 192) Online at archive.org
  10. ↑ Phlyctaenodes pustulalis var. Orientalis Caradja, 1916 ( Memento of the original from January 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / europeana.eu
  11. ↑ Nuss, M., B. Landry, F. Vegliante, A. Tränkner, R. Mally, J. Hayden, A. Segerer, H. Li, R. Schouten, MA Solis, T. Trofimova, J. De Prins & W. Speidel 2003–2012: Global Information System on Pyraloidea (GlobIZ) Archive link ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pyraloidea.org

literature

  • Karl Eckstein: The butterflies of Germany 5th volume The small butterflies of Germany . 222 p., KG Lutz Verlag, Stuttgart 1933
  • Hans-Joachim Hannemann: Small butterflies or Microlepidoptera II. The moths (sl) (Cochylidae and Carposinidae) The moths (Pyraloidea). In: Friedrich Dahl: The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life. Part 50., VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1964
  • Ivar Hasenfuss: The Larval systematics of the bulls (Pyralidae). 263 pp., Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1960.
  • František Slamka: Pyraloidea Europa (Lepidoptera Volume 1. Pyralinae, Galleriinae, Epipaschiinae, Cathariinae & Odontiinae.) Bratislava, 2006, ISBN 80-969052-3-6

Web links

Commons : Epascestria pustulalis  - collection of images, videos and audio files