Earthquake off Iquique 2014

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Iquique earthquake
Earthquake off Iquique 2014 (Chile)
Bullseye1.svg
date April 1, 2014
Time 23:46:46 UTC
intensity VIII  on the MM scale
Magnitude 8.2  M W
epicenter 19 ° 38 ′ 31 ″  S , 70 ° 49 ′ 1 ″  W Coordinates: 19 ° 38 ′ 31 ″  S , 70 ° 49 ′ 1 ″  W
country Peru , Chile
Tsunami Yes
dead ≥ 2

The earthquake off Iquique was an earthquake that struck off the Chilean coast on April 1, 2014 at 23:46:46 UTC . The hypocenter of the quake was 95 km northwest of Iquique and 139 km south-southwest of Arica at a depth of around 20 km under the Pacific Ocean . It is the strongest earthquake in the area since the Iquique earthquake in 1877 . The earthquake triggered a tsunami .

Tectonic classification

The earthquake of April 1, 2014 with a moment magnitude of 8.2 in the north of Chile was the result of a thrust at shallow depth near the Chilean coast. The center and mechanism of the earthquake are consistent with the movement at the primary plate boundary, the megathrust between the Nazca plate and the South American plate . At the latitude of the earthquake, the Nazca plate pushes under the South American plate at a speed of around 65 mm per year. The displacement along the Peru-Chile Trench west of Chile led to the folding of the Andes and some of the largest earthquakes in the world, including the 2010 Maule earthquake in central Chile with a magnitude of 8.8 MW and the Valdivia earthquake in 1960 in southern Chile, with a magnitude of 9.5 the strongest ever recorded earthquake.

Tsunami

The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Hawaii initially declared tsunami warnings for Chile, Peru and Ecuador and tsunami readiness for Costa Rica , Nicaragua , El Salvador , Guatemala , Mexico and Honduras , but quickly lifted them for areas outside Peru and Chile. The tsunami hit the coast of Chile, from where thousands of people had fled inland, an hour or two after the earthquake. The highest measured amplitude of the tsunami was reported from Iquique at 2.11 m, in Pisagua the amplitude of the tsunami reached 2.01 m, in Arica 1.83 m and at Punta Patache 1.51 m. At most of the measuring points on the Chilean coast, the amplitude was less than one meter.

Quake

In the weeks before the earthquake, numerous foreshocks were registered in the region, of which the one on March 16, with a magnitude of 6.7 on the Richter scale, was the strongest. 57 of these foreshocks reached a magnitude of 4.5 or higher on the Richter scale and the following ones reached a magnitude of 5.5.

Georeferencing Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap
Foreshocks with a magnitude of 5.5 M L and higher in the Región de Tarapacá
date Local time Coordinates depth M L intensity Ref.
March 16, 2014 18:16:29 19 ° 57 ′ 54 ″  S , 70 ° 48 ′ 50 ″  W. 20.6 km 6.7 VI
17th March 2014 02:11:34 19 ° 55 ′ 41 ″  S , 70 ° 56 ′ 38 ″  W. 28.3 km 6.3 III
March 18, 2014 18:26:46 19 ° 57 ′ 29 ″  S , 70 ° 56 ′ 38 ″  W. 38.1 km 5.8 V
March 22, 2014 09:59:54 19 ° 50 ′ 10 ″  S , 71 ° 23 ′ 2 ″  W. 31.8 km 5.8 V
March 23, 2014 15:20:00 19 ° 47 ′ 38 ″  S , 70 ° 56 ′ 35 ″  W. 33.8 km 6.2 VI
March 24, 2014 12:45:32 19 ° 35 ′ 38 ″  S , 70 ° 47 ′ 28 ″  W. 43 km 5.5 V

Effects

Chilean President Bachelet visited Iquique on April 2nd

Several people were killed in the effects of the earthquake, two of them in Iquique as a result of shock-induced heart attacks . The Chilean government has declared the regions of Arica, Parinacota and Tarapaca to be disaster areas, the main aim of which is to prevent unrest and looting. More than 300 prisoners escaped from a women's prison. Landslides occurred in the area between Putre and General Lagos . One main road is blocked because of fallen debris.

Aftershocks

The strongest aftershock occurred on April 3, at 02:43:17 UTC and had the magnitude 7.6 M W . Its epicenter was 50 km southwest of Iquique. Previously, 46 aftershocks were with magnitudes over 4.2 M W recorded. The region was evacuated again due to the strong aftershock. The tsunami caused by this aftershock ran with an amplitude of 75 cm in Iquique and 69 cm in Punta Patache. No tsunami worth mentioning was registered in other locations.

Arica – Antofagasta seismic gap

The zone between Arica and Antofagasta is considered to be an approximately 450 km long seismic gap in which no major earthquake has occurred since the earthquake of 1877. Seismologists assumed that there was potential for a very strong earthquake in this area. The earthquake on April 1, 2014 at least partially closed this seismic gap. Nevertheless, neither Chilean seismologists nor international experts consider this quake to be the long-awaited "great quake".

supporting documents

  1. ↑ M8.2 - 95km NW of Iquique, Chile Tectonic Summary ( English ) United States Geological Survey. April 1, 2014. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  2. ↑ a b Chile declares disaster in quake-hit regions (updated 07:22 UTC) (English) , BBC News. April 2, 2014. 
  3. ↑ Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile (updated 04:41 UTC) (English) , BBC News. April 2, 2014. 
  4. ^ Pacific Tsunami Warning Center: Tsunami Bulletin Number 006 ( English ) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. April 2, 2014. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  5. ^ Informe de sismo . Servicio Sismológico de Chile . Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  6. ^ Informe de sismo . Servicio Sismológico de Chile. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  7. ^ Informe de sismo . Servicio Sismológico de Chile. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  8. ^ Informe de sismo . Servicio Sismológico de Chile. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  9. ^ Informe de sismo . Servicio Sismológico de Chile. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  10. ^ Informe de sismo . Servicio Sismológico de Chile. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  11. ↑ M7.6 - 19km S of Iquique, Chile (English) , USGS. April 2, 2014. 
  12. ↑ Experts: Strict building codes saved lives in powerful Chile earthquake (English) , CNN. 3rd April 2014. 
  13. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from April 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tsunami.gov
  14. ↑ M. Chlieh, JB de Chabalier, JC Ruegg, R. Armijo, R. Dmowska, J. Campos and KL Feigl: Crustal deformation and fault slip during the seismic cycle in the North Chile subduction zone, from GPS and InSAR observations . (PDF) In: Geophys. J. Int. . 158, 2004, pp. 695-711. doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-246X.2004.02326.x . "The study area is located in the region of the Arica corner which ruptured in two 450 km long subduction earthquakes in 1868 (South Peru) and in 1877 (North Chile). On 2001 June 23 southern Peru was affected by a strong M w = 8.4 earthquake, almost coinciding with the northern part of the 1868 rupture area. In northern Chile, no great event had been recorded since 1877. The M w = 8.1 Antofagasta earthquake of 1995 July 30 ruptured a 180 km long segment located south of the 1877 rupture zone. "