Erich Parnitzke

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Erich Walter Hermann Parnitzke (born December 20, 1893 in Berlin ; † September 28, 1974 in Kiel ) was a German visual artist and art educator .

Life

Erich Parnitzke was born the son of a telegraph secretary. He attended the Friedrichwerdersche Oberrealschule until 1912 and then the State Art School in Berlin until 1914 with Erich Kuithan and Philipp Franck . As a war volunteer, he last served as reserve lieutenant in the First World War from 1914 to August 1918. While in British captivity, he organized his own cultural program with Otto Nebel and other artists in the Colsterdale prison camp. After their release, Parnitzke and Nebel returned to Berlin, where both became students of Gertrud Grunow . Parnitzke exhibited with the November group and from 1919 to 1926 taught at a Berlin school as a drawing teacher. In 1925 he passed the examination as an art teacher for high schools, in 1926 the pedagogical examination. In 1926 he was appointed lecturer at the new Pedagogical Academy in Kiel, and in 1930 professor. In the same year he was retired and started teaching at the Christianeum high school in Altona . From 1932 to April 30, 1933 he was a teacher there. He then taught again at the University for Teacher Training in Kiel.

In 1927 he married the painter Ruth Wilde, who had also studied at the State Art School in Berlin. Study trips took the couple to Italy, France and repeatedly to the island of Sylt. His pictures are initially under the influence of the Bauhaus and Franz Marc, since the middle of the 20 years under the influence of the new objectivity. From 1931 to 1933 Parnitzke was the director of the "Werkgemeinschaft Kieler Künstler".

After the seizure of power of the Nazis , he joined in 1933 in the SA and reached there the rank of Nazi troop leader . In November 1933 he signed the professors' declaration of Adolf Hitler at German universities and colleges . From 1937 he was a member of the NSDAP . He was a district clerk for the Nazi teachers' association and until 1938 editor of the journal “Art and Youth” of this Nazi organization, his successor was Robert Böttcher. During the Second World War he was in the Wehrmacht as a captain of the reserve in the troop support and worked here a. a. with the poet and National Socialist functionary Hans Baumann .

From 1933 onwards, Parnitzke was a staunch advocate of National Socialist ideology in his field of art education.

In the anthology “Immortal Folk Art” (1936) an essay by Erich Parnitzke appeared, whose ideas were included two years later in the “Curriculum of the Reich Minister for Science, Education and Public Education”. In it he condemns the “liberalist art and decoration industry for the 'broad masses'”, speaks of “treason” and contrasts it with folk art. This original art, which comes from the people, must be brought closer to the child by the people's educator, because the youth are "bearers of growing nationality". Parnitzke appeals to Gustav Britsch and sees in it a "view that is only possible in the turn to the growing authenticity of the Aryan standard of life", which "serves the best of the orientation of our German national body, which is again based on continuity and organic structure". Reich Education Minister Bernhard Rust adopted some of Parnitzke's ideas in the 1938 curriculum for education and instruction in high schools. Art education should then contribute to the consolidation of the German people's identity and begin with works of folk art, take into account the handicrafts and end with the consideration of "high" art.

After the Second World War, Parnitzke was the first chairman of the "Künstlerbund Schleswig-Holstein" from 1948 to 1958. After his retirement, Parnitzke published the magazine "Art and Youth" from 1951 to 1971 under changing names (including "Art + Work Education"). He was a member of the federal board of the Association of German Art Educators .

Fonts

  • Teaching for pictorial design at the elementary school , Oldenbourg, Munich 1933
  • Visual education. In: Hanns Egerland (Hrsg.): Immortal Folk Art: From the Creation of Youth , Bruckmann, Munich 1936

literature

  • Axel Diel: Art education in the Third Reich. History and Analysis , Munich 1969
  • Cornelia and Kunibert Bering (eds.): Conceptions of art didactics: documents of a complex structure . Oberhausen 1999 ISBN 3-932740-33-5
  • Hans-Christian Harten, Uwe Neirich, Matthias Schwerendt: Racial hygiene as an educational ideology of the Third Reich: Bio-bibliographical manual , Berlin 2006, p. 443
  • Ernst Klee : The cultural lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , p. 406.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jürgen Jensen and Renate Jürgens, Kiel in the history and painting, Neumünster 1982, p. 222.
  2. ^ Ernst Klee: The culture lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 406.
personal data
SURNAME Parnitzke, Erich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Parnitzke, Erich Walter Hermann (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German artist and art educator
DATE OF BIRTH December 20, 1893
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH September 28, 1974
Place of death Kiel