Church of the Redeemer (Stuttgart)
The Protestant Church of the Redeemer ( ) in Stuttgart-Nord , Birkenwaldstrasse 24, was built between 1906 and 1908 according to the plans of the architect Theodor Fischer .
The church stands out from its surroundings with its characteristic, age-black tuff stone walls. Fischer adapted it gently to the squat location on a mountain slope and gave the church an "honest Protestant" appearance. Contrary to the still prevailing historicism, he renounced external pomp and limited the external effect of the church to the stereometric shapes of the building parts.
After severe damage in World War II, the church was rebuilt by Rudolf Lempp in 1950–1954 .
location
The Protestant parish in the north of Stuttgart grew from 3,000 to 9,500 members between 1892 and 1905, so that the Martinskirche near the Prague cemetery was no longer sufficient and a new church had to be built. Two nearby, populous settlements contributed to the growth of the community, the Postdörfle , a settlement for railway and postal workers, and the Tunzhofer workers' settlement . A plot of land in the vicinity of the two settlements offered itself as a building site. The building site was on a mountain slope, in the middle of the vineyards and opposite the freight yard, today's Europaviertel . Half to the left of the church, an ascending cul-de-sac leads to the rectory and parish hall. Between this path and the street a triangular square was created in front of the church, in the middle of which a mighty linden tree provides protection and shade.
The vineyards have now disappeared, and the “Church on the Vineyard”, as it was initially called, is now lined up between the houses on the lower Birkenwaldstrasse. Originally the church was clearly visible from Heilbronner Straße, today a wall of large buildings blocks the view of the church, in the foreground the seven-story glass palace of the Geno-Haus, behind it in the Europaviertel the colossal building of the Landesbank, the cube-shaped building of the city library, the large shopping center Milaneo and the luxury residential high-rise Cloud No. 7. A wide staircase designed by Theodor Fischer at the beginning of Räpplenstrasse led down from the Erlöserkirche to Heilbronner Strasse, but is now without function.
description
In 1901 the Munich architect Theodor Fischer was appointed professor of building designs and urban planning in Stuttgart. The Erlöserkirche was the second major project that Fischer was able to realize after the Heusteigschule in Stuttgart, which was built in 1904–1906 . Even at the Heusteigschule, Fischer succeeded in making optimum use of the building site, which was perceived as unfavorable. He also found a “happy solution” for the cramped location of the Church of the Redeemer on a mountain slope, which he “wrested from the brittle terrain through the closed space effect.” The church moves like a wedge in an east-west direction into the rising Terrain. A slightly curved access ramp to the higher rectory and the parish hall, together with the retaining wall on the street, forms a triangular forecourt on the southern long side of the church.
Structure
The church was built from tufa limestone from the Swabian Alb to save money. The now smoke-black stone with its perforated surfaces and white mortar joints gives the masonry its characteristic appearance. With blunt shapes, Fischer adapted the structure to the surrounding gentle hilly landscape. Like a defiant medieval fortified church, the building leaves its mark on the area.
The structure of the church is divided into 5 asymmetrically arranged parts: tower, nave, choir, sacristy and stair tower. The hall structure of the church rises above a floor area of 35 by 20 meters at a height of 25 meters on the street side and 21 meters on the tower side. The nave is illuminated on the south side through 6 high windows, on the north side through 9 windows each on the ground floor and in the gallery. The steep nave roof has an incline of 49 degrees and, like the rest of the roof, is covered with red tiles.
On the eastern narrow side, the building with the wide, semicircular choir apse extends to the street. Taking advantage of the five-meter difference in height between the street and the tower, the choir and the adjacent sacristy were supported by a basement with a hall and ancillary rooms. In the corner between the sacristy and the nave, a small, octagonal stair tower rises to the gallery, crowned by a pyramid dome with a square lantern.
Entrance hall
A covered, open entrance hall on the mountain corner of the forecourt leads in the axis of the tower through an arched portal into the church or via a staircase to the rectory and parish hall. Beneath the mural “The Last Judgment” by Rudolf Yelin the Younger , a wrought iron grille opens up to the wooden entrance door, which is crowned by the tympanum relief “The Risen Christ” by Jakob Brüllmann . A column with reliefs, also by Jakob Brüllmann, supports the tiled roof of the entrance hall.
tower
The 33 meter high tower (without tower cross) sits like a roof turret and is asymmetrical to the ridge line on the gable roof of the nave and forms part of the church hall on the two lower floors. The tower leans against the mountainside and thus does without a monumental effect on the street. Fischer followed the advice of the "ancients", as he put it in a lecture on urban architecture, by moving the tower "backwards" following the mountain line.
The tower rises above a square floor plan with a side length of 9 meters and extends over 7 floors. The last floor is a recessed, cylindrical attachment. He wears the only outer ornament of the church, four evangelist figures in front of the relief of a column-supported, snake-like twisted double garland. The tower is crowned by a low, octagonal pyramid dome with a tower cross. The four dials of the tower clock are arranged on the corners of the tower, alternating between two on the 6th floor and two on the 5th floor under the sound windows.
inner space
The church interior was originally spanned by an artistically structured wooden ceiling, which was replaced by a simple wooden coffered ceiling during the reconstruction after the Second World War. The two lower floors of the tower are integrated into the church hall. The upper of the two floors is designed as a gallery with organ and benches and continues the gallery on the northern long side. Arcades with fisherman's arches (curved arches that are bent to the side) are hidden in front of the galleries .
The retracted choir apse forms a vaulted, semicircular niche that is illuminated by 5 colored round windows. In the middle of the choir is the altar, on the left a baptismal niche with a font and on the right the pulpit.
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Works of art
The church, which is only sparsely equipped with works of art, exudes "an honest Protestant atmosphere" that "avoids any pomp".
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1957 | Ulrich Henn | The Good Samaritan, bronze, life-size. | Forecourt |
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1908 | Jakob Brüllmann | 4 evangelist figures on a pedestal, which continues under the cornice of the 6th floor and ends with an evangelist symbol. Behind the figures the relief of a column-supported, snake-like twisted double garland. | Tower tower |
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1908 | Jakob Brüllmann | Column with 4 reliefs by Jakob Brüllmann :
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Entrance hall |
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1908 | Jakob Brüllmann | The risen Christ, tympanum relief. | entrance |
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1958 | Rudolf Yelin the Younger | Last Judgment, mural. | entrance |
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1958 | Adolf Saile | 5 colored round glass windows. | Choir apse |
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1958 | Adolf Saile | Noah's Ark, glass mosaic. | Christening niche |
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1908 | Emil Kiemlen | John the Baptist, bronze, half life size. | Christening niche |
organ
The organ of the Erlöserkirche was built in 1954 by the organ building company Friedrich Weigle . The instrument has 37 registers on three manuals and a pedal. The arrangement was designed by church music director Walther Lutz. The game action and stop action are mechanical.
The organ replaces the Opus 501 organ made by the Link Brothers organ building company , which was erected for the inauguration of the church in 1908 and destroyed in the Second World War. It showed a brochure in the style of Art Nouveau, decorated with flowers and ornaments.
Disposition
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literature
Newer literature
- Edith Bowatzki: 75 years of the Evangelical Redemption Congregation Stuttgart: 1908–1983. Stuttgart: Evangelical Redemption Congregation, 1983.
- Ulrich Hangleiter: Theodor Fischer as a church builder. Catalog for the exhibition, Stuttgart, Erlöserkirche, November 5, 1998 to January 6, 1999; Jena, University, April 25, 1999 to May 21, 1999. Weissenhorn: Konrad, 1999, pages 59-68.
- Dietrich Heißenbüttel; Rose Hajdu (photos): Theodor Fischer. Architecture of the Stuttgart years. Tübingen: Wasmuth, 2018, pages 144–155.
- Gert Kähler (editor): Architektour. Building in Stuttgart since 1900. Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1991, pages 130-133.
- Ulrich Hangleiter: Church of the Redeemer. In: Jörg Kurz: Northern history (s). About the dwelling and life of the people in the north of Stuttgart. Stuttgart: District Initiative Pro Nord, 2005, pages 139–141.
- Georg Kopp: Theodor Fischer as a church builder. In: #Reustle 1958 , pp. 51-57.
- Winfried Nerdinger: Theodor Fischer. Architect and town planner 1862–1938. Berlin: Ernst & Sohn, 1988, pages 233, 234.
- Oskar Planck: Peace in Peaceless Times: Memories and Experiences from the Years 1936–1953. Stuttgart: Steinkopf, 1953.
- Theodor Reustle: 50 years of the Evangelical Church of the Redeemer Stuttgart. Stuttgart: Redeemer Congregation, 1958.
- Martin Woerner; Gilbert Lupfer; Ute Schulz: Architectural Guide Stuttgart. Berlin: Reimer, 2006, page 113.
Older literature
- Julius Baum: Theodor Fischer's church buildings in Württemberg. Special edition of Profanbau. Leipzig, approx. 1908, pages 65–104, here: 65–67, 77–84.
- The Redeemer Church in Stuttgart. In: Moderne Baufformen , Volume 8, 1909, pages 241–249.
- Hans Christ: Theodor Fischer's buildings in Stuttgart: Gustav-Siegle-Haus, art building, Church of the Redeemer. In: Wasmuthsmonthshefte für Baukunst und Städtebau, Volume 1, 1914–1915, pages 138–152, Erlöserkirche: 148–152, online .
- HHE: The Redeemer Church in Stuttgart. In: Communications of the Württemberg Arts and Crafts Association, 1908–1909, pages 62–69, 54, 62, pdf .
- Kopp-Rieger: The Redeemer Church in Stuttgart. In: Christliches Kunstblatt für Kirche, Schule und Haus, 1909, pages 5–12, 181.
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ #Baufformen 1909.2 , page 241.
- ↑ #Hangleiter 2005 , page 139, # Heißenbüttel 2018 , page 144, #Hangleiter 1999 , page 59.
- ↑ #Baufformen 1909.2 , page 241.
- ↑ Dimensions rounded to the nearest meter.
- ↑ #Hangleiter 1999 , page 65.
- ↑ #Baufformen 1909.2 , page 241.
- ↑ #Kopp 1958 , page 54.
- ↑ #Bowatzki 1983 , pp. 15-16.
- ↑ to 1982: Spitzgedackt 8 '.
Coordinates: 48 ° 47 '24.4 " N , 9 ° 10' 41" E