Ernest Grunwald

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Ernest Max Grunwald (born November 2, 1923 in Wuppertal ; † March 28, 2002 ) was an American chemist who worked in the field of physical-organic chemistry .

Life

Ernest Grunwald grew up in a middle-class Jewish family in Wuppertal. After the November pogroms in 1938 and a brief imprisonment of his father, the family left Germany and emigrated to the USA, where they settled in Los Angeles in 1939 . After graduating from high school, Grunwald studied at the University of California (UCLA) in Los Angeles. In 1944 he made his bachelor's degrees in both chemistry and physics. He then worked in Saul Winstein's research group at UCLA on solvolysis . In 1947 he received his doctorate with Winstein with the font Solvolytic Substitution in the Presence of Neighboring Groups . Several publications were created in collaboration with Winstein. After a brief employment as an instructor at UCLA, he went into industry for the Portland Cement Company. After a year of study at Columbia University , he moved to the Chemistry Department of Florida State University in 1949 , where he stayed until 1961. From 1961 to 1964 he worked at Bell Laboratories before moving to Brandeis University in Waltham , Massachusetts , where he received a chair in chemistry and worked until his retirement in 1989.

Following Louis Hammett , who coined the term Physical Organic Chemistry in 1940, Grunwald is an important representative of research at the interface between physical and organic chemistry. His special interest was the analysis of the influence of solvents on organic chemical reactions (solvolysis). His work is characterized by theoretical rigor and experimental ingenuity. In addition to his publications in scientific journals, he was the author or co-author of several monographs.

From 1958 to 1961 Grunwald was a Sloan Research Fellow . In 1959 he received the American Chemical Society Award in Pure Chemistry . In 1967 he was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 1971 of the National Academy of Sciences .

Fonts (selection)

  • John E. Leffler, Ernest Grunwald: Rates and Equilibria of Organic Reactions . John Wiley, New York 1963, ISBN 0-486-66068-0 .
  • Ernest Grunwald: Thermodynamics of Molecular Species . John Wiley, New York 1997, ISBN 978-0-471-01254-2 , pp. 323 .
  • E. Grunwald, S. Winstein: The correlation of solvolysis rates . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 70 , no. 2 , 1948, p. 846-854 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01182a117 .
  • S. Winstein, E. Grunwald, HW Jones: The correlation of solvolysis rates and the classification of solvolysis reactions into mechanistic categories . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 73 , no. 6 , 1951, pp. 2700–2707 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01150a078 .
  • E. Grunwald, C. Steel: Solvent reorganization and thermodynamic enthalpy-entropy compensation . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 117 , no. 21 , 1995, p. 5687-5692 , doi : 10.1021 / ja00126a009 .

literature

  • Edward M. Arnett: Ernest Grunwald, 1923-2002 . Ed .: National Academy of Sciences (=  Biographical Memoirs . Volume 84 ). National Academy Press, Washington, DC 2004, ISBN 978-0-309-08957-9 , pp. 147-163 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Book of Members 1780 – present, Chapter G. (PDF; 931 kB) In: American Academy of Arts and Sciences (amacad.org). Accessed April 21, 2018 (English).
  2. ^ Member Directory: Ernest Grunwald. National Academy of Sciences, accessed April 24, 2018 .

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Grunwald, Ernest
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Grunwald, Ernest Max (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American chemist of German origin
DATE OF BIRTH November 2, 1923
PLACE OF BIRTH Wuppertal
DATE OF DEATH March 28, 2002