Ernst Guggenheimer

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Ernst Guggenheimer (born July 27, 1880 in Stuttgart ; † September 12, 1973 there ) was a German-Jewish architect .

Life

Guggenheimer passed the Abitur at the Friedrich-Eugens-Realanstalt in Stuttgart. From 1898 to 1902 he studied architecture at the Technical University of Stuttgart . In 1909, after passing the 2nd state examination, he was appointed government architect ( assessor in public construction).

From 1909 Ernst Guggenheimer worked as a freelance architect in shared office with the Swiss Oskar Bloch in Stuttgart. During the First World War, he volunteered as a grenadier and aerial photo evaluator from 1915 to 1918. In 1919 he married the Protestant Frieda Wilhelmine Schaper from Neubreisach , both had two sons: Walter (born November 22, 1925 in Stuttgart, died November 25, 2014 in Oakland / USA) and Werner (born December 31, 1927).

In November 1934, Guggenheimer's application for admission to the newly formed Reich Chamber of Culture was rejected, which meant that he could no longer work as an independent architect. He sold his house and temporarily settled in Buoch / Remshalden in 1934/1935 . Since 1937 he was no longer listed with the professional title “architect” in the Stuttgart address book, but as “owner of his father's business” at Calwer Strasse 33.

After the November pogrom in 1938 , Guggenheimer had to work on the forced demolition of the burned-out old synagogue . In 1939 the "legalized mixed marriage " with his wife Frieda Wilhelmine was officially repealed . From 1942 he worked as an unskilled worker and cemetery gardener. The Shoa survived Guggenheimer underground in Germany. After 1945 he dared to re-establish the architecture office at Calwer Straße 33. From 1946 he was married to the Protestant Susanne Peter for the second time.

Guggenheimer was a member of the Constituent Assembly for Württemberg-Baden in 1946 and at the same time worked again as an architect. In the post-war period he designed the new building for the synagogue and community center Hospitalstrasse in Stuttgart-Mitte . From 1954 to 1956 he worked in partnership with the architect Voigt. In 1957 he gave up the office. In 1959 he became adjunct professor at the Technical University of Stuttgart.

He was buried in the Stuttgart forest cemetery. His grave site is kept by the City of Stuttgart in Department 18.

Buildings and designs

Synagogue and community center Hospitalstrasse (photo 2008)
  • 1910: House Krieg / Kittler in Stuttgart-Nord
  • 1912–1913: Wilhelmspflege Jewish orphanage in Esslingen
  • 1913–1914: Jewish nurses' home in Stuttgart
  • 1915–1917: Villa A. Levi in ​​Stuttgart-Nord
  • 1925: Memorial to the Jewish soldiers who died in the First World War in the Pragfriedhof in Stuttgart-Nord
  • 1925–1926: A factory is converted into a synagogue in Schwäbisch Gmünd
  • 1927–1928: Villa Oppenheimer in East Stuttgart
  • 1928: Reconstruction of the synagogue at Weinhof in Ulm
  • 1928–1929: Frankenstein House in East Stuttgart
  • 1928–1929: Expansion of the Eiernest housing estate in Stuttgart, Karl-Kloß-Straße
  • 1930–1933: Ensemble of seven "Little Palestine" houses under the Doggenburg in the north of Stuttgart
  • 1936: Conversion of the Paul Goldschmidt house (built in 1911 by Albert Eitel ) into a Jewish retirement home, Heidehofstraße in Stuttgart-East
  • 1936–1937: Extension of the Wilhelmsruhe nursing home (built in 1907 by Heim & Früh) in Heilbronn-Sontheim
  • 1951–1952: Synagogue and community center Hospitalstrasse in Stuttgart
  • 1955: House M. Weber in Stuttgart-Nord
  • 1955: School building and dormitory of the state orphanage in Esslingen

Ownership history

The Hauptmannsreute 88 building was built in 1930 as the first of the house group of the "Little Palestine" colony for the Jewish factory owner Simon Krautkopf Mechanische Knitting and Hosiery Factory. He had to sell his house after the seizure of power and emigrate to the USA. He got the house back after the war. His factory was right next to the Herold-Bücher publishing house of the brothers Erich and Richard Levy in Rosenbergstrasse, Stuttgart. The Levy brothers - officially in Lenk since 1929 - were Krautkopf's immediate neighbors in the "Little Palestine" colony. They too had to emigrate and sell their houses. The daughter Olga Levy Drucker recorded her memories of the time in Caesar-Fleischlen-Strasse and the circumstances of the loss in "Kindertransport-Alone on the Flight", 1995.

literature

  • Karl Apel, Ernst Rose: Ernst Guggenheimer. July 27, 1880– September 12, 1973. In: Buocher booklets. Volume 32, 2012, pp. 56-63.
  • Christine Breig: The construction of villas and country houses in Stuttgart 1830-1930. Hohenheim, Stuttgart 2004.
  • Dietrich W. Schmidt: The Bloch-Tank House in Stuttgart by Bloch & Guggenheimer. In: Docomomo Conference Proceedings 1996. Bratislava 1996, pages 245-248.
  • Dietrich W. Schmidt: Guggenheimer, Ernst . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 63, Saur, Munich a. a. 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23030-1 .
  • Dietrich Schmidt / Ulrike Plate: In the wake of the Weißenhofsiedlung: Residential building ensemble in Stuttgart half-height location "Little Palestine" by the Jewish architects Bloch & Guggenheimer in: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg. Newsletter of the State Monument Preservation, Volume 46 (2017) No. 3, pp. 203–207. (online as PDF In the wake of the Weißenhofsiedlung)
  • Olga Levy Drucker (from the American English by Klaus Sticker): Kindertransport: alone on the flight, Göttingen 1995, ISBN 3-88977-420-2 .
photo

from Maria Zelzer : The way and fate of the Stuttgart Jews: a memorial book . Stuttgart: Klett, 1964, p. 444

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alemannia Judaica : Stuttgart (state capital of Baden-Württemberg) Jewish buildings and new synagogue 1945 to 1952
  2. ^ Synagogue and community center Hospitalstrasse , state capital Stuttgart.
  3. ^ The Stuttgart architects and government architects Oskar Bloch and Ernst Guggenheimer. (four-page leaflet) Stuttgart 2013.
  4. ↑ Dietrich W. Schmidt / Ulrike Plate: In the wake of the Weißenhofsiedlung: residential building ensemble in Stuttgart half-height location "Little Palestine" by the Jewish architects Bloch & Guggenheimer from 1930 . In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg. News bulletin of the state monument preservation . 46th volume (2017) 3, pp. 203-207 .
personal data
SURNAME Guggenheimer, Ernst
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect of Jewish origin
DATE OF BIRTH July 27, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Stuttgart
DATE OF DEATH September 12, 1973
Place of death Stuttgart