Erwin Graef

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Erwin Graef (born February 16, 1914 in Hückeswagen ; † February 3, 1976 in Tübingen ) was a German scholar of Islam , orientalist and Semitic . He is considered to be "one of the most important experts on Islamic law ".

Life

Gräf studied oriental studies , theology , religious studies and philosophy at the University of Bonn from 1932 to 1937 . On May 1, 1937, he became a member of the NSDAP (membership number 4.600.808). Following the rigorosum, he was drafted into military service. In 1941 he qualified as an interpreter for Arabic, Persian and Turkish at the interpreter training department of the High Command of the Wehrmacht . During the war he spent a year and a half in the Crimea . In 1946 he was released from captivity . In 1948 he received his doctorate at the University of Bonn under Wilhelm Heffening with the dissertation The Judiciary of Today's Bedouins .

In 1951, Gräf became an assistant at the Oriental Seminary at the University of Cologne . In 1955 the habilitation for Islamic studies and Semitic studies took place there . In 1959 he became a dietician , in 1960 an adjunct professor . In 1964 he took over the chair for oriental philology at the University of Cologne, succeeding Werner Caskel . He did not respond to an earlier call to Erlangen, and Gustav Edmund von Grunebaum's later attempt to bring him to the Middle East Center in Los Angeles was unsuccessful.

He worked with Ernst Klingmüller and Abdoldjavad Falaturi in the field of Islamic law and Shia .

Publications (selection)

Monographs
  • The legal system of today's Bedouins (= contributions to the language and cultural history of the Orient . Volume 5). Verlag für Orientkunde, Walldorf / Hessen 1952 (= dissertation).
  • The story of a chan's in Smyrna. A study of economic history (= writings of the Max Freiherr von Oppenheim Foundation . Issue 1). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1955.
  • Prey and animal for slaughter in Islamic law. An investigation into the development of Islamic jurisprudence (=  Bonn oriental studies . New series, volume 7). Orientalist seminar at the University of Bonn, Bonn 1959.
Essays
  • Court constitution and jurisdiction in Islamic law . In: Journal for Comparative Law 58 (1956), pp. 48–78.
  • Problems of the death penalty in Islam . In: Journal for Comparative Law 59 (1957), pp. 83–122.
  • On the nature and development of Islamic law . In: Bustan II (1960), pp. 10-21.
  • The death penalty under Islamic law . In: Bustan Heft 4/1962, pp. 8-22 and Heft 1/1965, pp. 9-22.
  • Religious and legal ideas about prisoners of war in Islam and Christianity . In: Die Welt des Islams , Volume 8 (1963), Issue 3, pp. 89-139.
  • The transferability of occidental state orders to Islamic countries . In: Die Welt des Islams , Volume 10 (1966), Issue 3, pp. 131-163.
  • The new conception of the Muslim family in modern Iranian law regarding marriage, divorce and succession . In: Ernst von Caemmerer and Konrad Zweigert (eds.): German state lectures at the VII International Congress for Comparative Law in Uppsala 1966 . Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law . De Gruyter, Berlin 1967, pp. 59-79.
  • The position of Islamic law on birth control (tanẓīm al-nasl) and birth control (taḥdīd al-nasl) . In: Wilhelm Hoenerbach (Hrsg.): The Orient in Research. Festschrift for Otto Spies on April 5, 1966 . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1967, pp. 208-232.
  • For the encounter between Christianity and Islam . In: Erwin Gräf (Ed.): Festschrift Werner Caskel. On his 70th birthday, March 5, 1966, dedicated by friends and students . Brill, Leiden 1968, pp. 121-144.
  • From the spirit of Islamic law . In: Fritz Hauss and Reimer Schmidt (eds.): Festschrift for Ernst Klingmüller . Verlag Versicherungswirtschaft, Karlsruhe 1974, pp. 115–144.
  • Law and Language in Islam . In: Journal for Comparative Law 74 (1974), pp. 66–123.
  • Concepts of death in the context of Islamic anthropology . In: Johannes Schwartländer (Ed.): Man and his death . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1976, pp. 126-145.
  • with Abdoldjavad Falaturi: Customs / Customs and Law in Traditional Islamic Jurisprudence . In: Reinhard Mey (Ed.): Contributions to Islamic legal thought (=  studies on non-European legal theories . Volume 2). Steiner-Verlag-Wiesbaden-GmbH, Stuttgart 1986, pp. 29-45.

literature

  • Egbert Meyer: Erwin Gräf (1914–1976) . In: Journal of the German Oriental Society . Volume 128 (1978), pp. 12-19 ( PDF ).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Egbert Meyer: Erwin Gräf (1914–1976) . In: Journal of the German Oriental Society . Volume 128 (1978), p. 12.
  2. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 37.
  3. ↑ Egbert Meyer: Erwin Graef (1914-1976) . In: Journal of the German Oriental Society . Volume 128 (1978), p. 13.
  4. ↑ Egbert Meyer: Erwin Graef (1914-1976) . In: Journal of the German Oriental Society . Volume 128 (1978), p. 19.
personal data
SURNAME Count, Erwin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German scholar of Islam, orientalist and Semitist
DATE OF BIRTH February 16, 1914
PLACE OF BIRTH Hückeswagen , Germany
DATE OF DEATH 3rd February 1976
Place of death Tubingen , Germany