Ethyl glucuronide

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Structural formula
Ethyl glucuronide structure.svg
General
Surname Ethyl glucuronide
other names
  • (2 S , 3 S , 4 S , 5 R , 6 S ) -6-ethoxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid ( IUPAC )
  • EtG
Molecular formula C 8 H 14 O 7
External identifiers / databases
CAS number
  • 913255-98-8 (unspec.)
  • 1776950-35-6 (α- D -ethyl glucuronide)
  • 17685-04-0 (β- D -ethylglucuronide)
PubChem 152226
ChemSpider 134174
Wikidata Q416930
properties
Molar mass 222.193 g mol −1
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling
no classification available
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Ethyl glucuronide (short: EtG ) is a chemical compound , a naturally occurring cyclic carboxylic acid , a derivative of glucuronic acid . In humans it is a product of the breakdown of ethanol and occurs exclusively as a β-anomer . EtG is produced in small quantities after alcohol consumption and is distributed in the body. Once in the hair, it is not broken down any further and can thus be detected, recently also immunologically or by means of LC / MS .

biosynthesis

EtG is produced by glucuronidation of ethanol and is a by-product of its breakdown, as most of it is oxidized to acetaldehyde . The catalyzing enzyme is UDP-glucuronosyl transferase .

Use, analysis

Older studies at least confirm the detectability of high ethanol intake by means of gas chromatographic analysis of EtG in the hair and in the meconium . For the calibration is deuterated EtG used. The hair color doesn't seem to have any effect on the result. However, there are problems with the distinction between drinking and other alcohol consumption, with microbial activity, as well as the sample stability. In a study using gas chromatography, 80 hours later it was possible to clearly differentiate between the consumption of 24 grams of pure alcohol and hand washing with an alcoholic solution. Studies with the immunological detection method do not exist. Together with the measurement of conventional liver values or fatty acid ethyl esters, an application in addiction medicine seems to make sense. Ethyl glucuronide can be determined in the urine, for example to enable follow-up controls of compliance with alcohol abstinence in patients with chronic liver damage or after liver transplantation.

Hair analysis controversy

The US Drug Abuse and Mental Health Authority has warned that the ethyl glucuronide test as the sole basis for legal or disciplinary action is scientifically unsustainable because the highly sensitive tests are unable to distinguish whether the ingested alcohol is from exposure to it the many common commercial and household products that contain alcohol or originate from actual alcohol consumption.

Individual evidence

  1. This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
  2. a b Palmer RB: A review of the use of ethyl glucuronide as a marker for ethanol consumption in forensic and clinical medicine . In: Semin Diagn Pathol . 26, No. 1, February 2009, pp. 18-27. PMID 19292025 .
  3. Alt A, Janda I, Seidl S, Wurst FM: Determination of ethyl glucuronide in hair samples . In: Alcohol Alcohol. . 35, No. 3, 2000, pp. 313-4. PMID 10869254 .
  4. Kharbouche H, Sporkert F, Staub C, Mangin P, Augsburger M: [Ethyl glucuronide: a biomarker of alcohol consumption] . In: Praxis (Bern 1994) . 98, No. 22, November 2009, pp. 1299-306. doi : 10.1024 / 1661-8157.98.22.1299 . PMID 20029783 . . PMID 20029783 .
  5. ^ Wurst FM, Seidl S, Alt A, Metzger J: [Direct ethanol metabolite ethyl glucuronide. Its value as alcohol intake and recurrence marker, methods of detection and prospects] . In: Psychiatr Prax . 27, No. 8, November 2000, pp. 367-371. PMID 11140158 .
  6. Politi L, Morini L, Leone F, Polettini A: Ethyl glucuronide in hair: Is it a reliable marker of chronic high levels of alcohol consumption? . In: Addiction . 101, No. 10, October 2006, pp. 1408-1412. doi : 10.1111 / j.1360-0443.2006.01537.x . PMID 16968341 . . PMID 16968341 .
  7. Pragst F , Rothe M, Moench B, Hastedt M, Herre S, Simmert D: Combined use of fatty acid ethyl esters and ethyl glucuronide in hair for diagnosis of alcohol abuse: interpretation and advantages . In: Forensic Sci. Int. . 196, No. 1-3, March 2010, pp. 101-110. doi : 10.1016 / j.forsciint.2009.12.028 . PMID 20061103 . . PMID 20061103 .
  8. Appenzeller BM, Schuman M, Yegles M, Wennig R: Ethyl glucuronide concentration in hair is not influenced by pigmentation . In: Alcohol Alcohol. . 42, No. 4, 2007, pp. 326-7. doi : 10.1093 / alcalc / agm016 . PMID 17517821 . . PMID 17517821 .
  9. Rosano TG, Lin J: Ethyl glucuronide excretion in humans following oral administration of and dermal exposure to ethanol . In: J Anal Toxicol . 32, No. 8, October 2008, pp. 594-600. PMID 19007508 .
  10. ^ The Role of Biomarkers in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders. Substance Abuse Treatment Advisory Volume 5, Issue 4, 2006. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, accessed August 3, 2020 .