Orlov mole
| Orlov mole | ||||||||||||
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| Euroscaptor orlovi | ||||||||||||
| Zemlemerova , Bannikova , Lebedev , Rozhnov & Abramov , 2016 |
The Orlov mole ( Euroscaptor orlovi ) is a species of mammal from the genus of the Southeast Asian moles within the moles (Talpidae). It occurs in northern Vietnam and southern China . The animals are characterized by an elongated body with dark fur, a relatively long tail and a narrow snout. At first they were considered to belong to the long-nosed mole , but molecular genetic studies uncovered several cryptic species . In 2016, the Orlov mole was first described.
features
Habitus
The Orlov mole reaches about the size of the long-nosed mole ( Euroscaptor longirostris ). The head-trunk length is 11.5 to 12.9 cm, the tail length is 1.5 to 1.75 cm. The body weight varies from 25.8 to 48.3 g. The tail is comparatively long and has about 12.6 to 13.7% of the length of the rest of the body. Due to the length of the tail, the species clearly differs from the Pakho mole ( Euroscaptor parvidens ) and the Vietnamese mole ( Euroscaptor subanura ) with their short tails. It has a club shape and is regularly covered with long fur hair. The body appears stretched, both the back and the stomach are dominated by a blackish brown color. The rear foot is between 1.45 and 1.65 cm long.
Skull and dentition features
The skull is characterized by a long and narrow rostrum . It is smaller and lighter than the Kuznetsov mole . The front part of the tympanic membrane is flattened and slightly indented. Here the species is similar to the long-nosed mole and the Kuznetsov mole, but differs from the Pakho mole and the Vietnamese mole, which have a swollen tympanic bladder. A band-shaped, narrow angular process occurs on the lower jaw, while the Kuznetsov mole is rather wide and triangular in shape. The crown process ends pointedly like in the Kuznetsov mole and not broadly blunt like in the Pakho mole. The teeth, as with all Southeast Asian moles of teeth 44 with the following tooth formula : . The entire row of teeth is shorter than that of the long-nosed mole. All upper premolars have two roots, but on the second they are often fused together. The second premolar is also smaller than the first and narrower than the third. The posterior cusp is missing on the first premolar, and an additional small cusp appears in front of the main cusp on the fourth premolar. The back of the tooth on the main cusp is clearly indented, corresponding to the long-nosed mole and the Kuznetsov mole. In the Pakho mole and the Vietnamese mole this is just developed.
distribution
The Orlov mole is found in northern Vietnam in the province of Lào Cai and in southern China in the province of Yunnan . The species may also occur in the mountainous areas of northern Laos and northwestern Vietnam west of the Red River . The distribution area of the Orlov mole partially overlaps that of the La Touche mole ( Mogera latouchei ), but the former may live in higher mountains.
Systematics
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Internal systematics of the Southeast Asian moles according to Zemlemerova et al. 2016
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The Orlov mole is an independent species within the genus of the Southeast Asian moles ( Euroscaptor ) and the mole family (Talpidae). Within the moles, the Southeast Asian moles form a member of the tribe of the actual moles (Talpini). The actual moles unite the mostly digging representatives of the moles, while other members of the family only live partially underground, move above ground or are adapted to a semi-aquatic way of life. According to molecular genetic studies, the Southeast Asian moles are divided into two kin groups, the western longirostris group around the long-nosed mole ( Euroscaptor longirostris ) and the eastern parvidens group around the Pakho mole ( Euroscaptor parvidens ). The Orlov mole belongs to the former and is closely related to the Malaysia mole and the Kloss mole ( Euroscaptor klossi ).
Originally the long-tailed Southeast Asian moles were made to the long-nosed mole in northern Vietnam . In the following years, however, genetic studies revealed a high level of diversity within this species with several existing, monophyletic lines that represented cryptic species . In 2016, a working group led by Jelena D. Semlemerova carried out the first scientific description of the Orlov mole. For their speciation, Semlemerova and colleagues used several individuals that had been collected in 2005 in northern Vietnam about 6 km west of Sa Pa on the northern slope of Fansipan at an altitude of about 2000 m. The holotype represents a fully grown female. The study also included an individual from Jingdong, Yunnan Province, China . The species name honors Nikolai L. Orlov of the Russian Academy of Sciences , who has made a contribution to the study of the fauna of Vietnam.
literature
- Boris Kryštufek and Masaharu Motokawa: Talpidae (Moles, Desmans, Star-nosed Moles and Shrew Moles). In: Don E. Wilson and Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 8: Insectivores, Sloths, Colugos. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2018, pp. 552–620 (p. 618) ISBN 978-84-16728-08-4
- ED Zemlemerova, AA Bannikova, VS Lebedev, VV Rozhnov and AV Abramov: Secrets of the underground Vietnam: an underestimated species diversity of Asian moles (Lipotyphla: Talpidae: Euroscaptor). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 320 (2), 2016, pp. 193-220
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f E. D. Zemlemerova, AA Bannikova, VS Lebedev, VV Rozhnov and AV Abramov: Secrets of the underground Vietnam: an underestimated species diversity of Asian moles (Lipotyphla: Talpidae: Euroscaptor). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 320 (2), 2016, pp. 193-220
- ↑ a b Boris Kryštufek and Masaharu Motokawa: Talpidae (Moles, Desmans, Star-nosed Moles and Shrew Moles). In: Don E. Wilson and Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 8: Insectivores, Sloths, Colugos. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2018, pp. 552–620 (p. 618) ISBN 978-84-16728-08-4
- ↑ a b Robert S. Hoffmann and Darrin Lunde: Genus Euroscaptor. In: Andrew T. Smith and Yan Xie (Eds.): A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton New Jersey, 2010, pp. 322-323
- ↑ a b Kai He, Akio Shinohara, Kristofer M. Helgen, Mark S. Springer, Xue-Long Jiang and Kevin L. Campbell: Talpid Mole Phylogeny Unites Shrew Moles and Illuminates Overlooked Cryptic Species Diversity. Molecular Biology and Evolution 34 (1), 2016, pp. 78-87
- ^ Gerrit S. Miller: Notes on Some Moles from Southeastern Asia. Journal of Mammalogy 21 (4), 1940, pp. 442-444
- ↑ ED Zemlemerova, AA Bannikova, AV Abramov, VS Lebedev, and VV Rozhnov: New Data on Molecular Phylogeny of the East Asian Moles. Doklady Biological Sciences 451, 2013, pp. 257-260