Kuznetsov mole
| Kuznetsov mole | ||||||||||||
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| Euroscaptor kuznetsovi | ||||||||||||
| Zemlemerova , Bannikova , Lebedev , Rozhnov & Abramov , 2016 |
The Kuznetsov mole ( Euroscaptor kuznetsovi ) is a species of mammal from the genus of the Southeast Asian moles within the moles (Talpidae). The range of the animals is limited to the northeastern Vietnam . They are characterized by an elongated body with dark hair and a long tail and a narrow snout. Originally they were put to the long-nosed mole . However, molecular genetic studies recognized the animals' independence. Then in 2016 the Kuznetsov mole was scientifically introduced.
features
Habitus
The Kuznetsov mole is a large representative of the Southeast Asian mole, roughly comparable to the long-nosed mole ( Euroscaptor longirostris ). The animals reach a head-trunk length of 13.2 to 13.8 cm, a tail length of 1.4 to 1.7 cm and a weight of 42.3 to 76.7 g. The tail is comparatively long, it has between 11.4 and 12.5% of the length of the rest of the body. The shape of the tail is reminiscent of a club. Euroscaptor kuznetsovi clearly differs from the Pakho mole ( Euroscaptor parvidens ) and the Vietnamese mole ( Euroscaptor subanura ), both of which have very short tails, due to the long and externally visible tail . The body is covered by a blackish brown fur, and long outer hairs appear on the tail. The body of the Kuznetsov mole is clearly elongated. The rear foot length is 1.45 to 1.65 cm.
Skull and dentition features
The skull is larger compared to the long-nosed mole and the Orlov mole . It is characterized by a long and narrow rostrum , which is a bit wider, but not as clear as the Malaysia mole . The front part of the tympanic bladder is flattened and slightly dented, which roughly corresponds to the long-nosed mole and the Orlov mole. The Pakho mole and the Vietnamese mole, on the other hand, have an inflated tympanic bladder. The angular process on the lower jaw is broadly triangular, whereas in the Orlov-Malwurf it is narrow band-shaped. in accordance with the latter type, the crown process ends pointedly and not broadly blunt as in the Pakho mole. The teeth, as with all Southeast Asian moles of teeth 44 with the following tooth formula : . The row of molars is shorter compared to the long-nosed mole. All upper premolars have two roots. The first and second upper premolars are roughly the same size, the third premolar is larger than the first two in width. There is an additional, small, posterior cusp on all three premolars. Another small, anterior parietal hump appears on the fourth premolar. Corresponding to the long-nosed mole and the Orlov mole, the rear tooth edge on the main cusp is clearly indented. In contrast to this, the Pakho mole and the Vietnamese mole are straight.
distribution
The Kuznetsov mole has so far only been identified in northeastern Vietnam . Important sites are in the provinces of Vĩnh Phúc and Cao Bằng . The animals come here at altitudes of 750 to 950 m. The species may also occur in the south of China in the Guangxi province .
Way of life
Little is known about the way of life of the Kuznetsov mole. The species digs, a female that was collected in September was pregnant and carried three fetuses .
Systematics
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Internal systematics of the Southeast Asian moles according to Zemlemerova et al. 2016
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The Kuznetsov mole is one of ten species within the genus of the Southeast Asian moles ( Euroscaptor ) and the mole family (Talpidae). The genus in turn belongs to the tribe of the actual moles (Talpini), in which the mostly burrowing representatives of the moles are united. Other members of the family, on the other hand, only live partially underground, move above ground or are adapted to a semi-aquatic way of life. According to molecular genetic studies, the Southeast Asian moles can be divided into two kinship groups, the western longirostris group around the long-nosed mole ( Euroscaptor longirostris ) and the eastern parvidens group around the pakho mole ( Euroscaptor parvidens ). The Kuznetsov mole belongs to the former, other closely related species are the Malaysia mole and the Kloss mole ( Euroscaptor klossi ).
Typically, the long-tailed Southeast Asian moles were associated with the long-nosed mole in northern Vietnam . Various genetic studies have shown a high degree of diversity within this species. Several monophyletic lines could be identified, which probably represented cryptic species . In 2016 , Jelena Semlemerowa and colleagues then described the Kuznetsov mole as a separate species. For this they were presented with several individuals from northern Vietnam. The holotype represents a fully grown male. It comes from the area around Tam Đảo in the province of Vĩnh Phúc at an altitude of 750 m and was collected there in 2012 by one of the authors. GV Kuznetsov had already collected an animal in the same region in 1993, which now functions as a paratype . In honor of the finder and because of his services to the study of the fauna of Vietnam, the work team around Semlemerova named the species after him.
literature
- Boris Kryštufek and Masaharu Motokawa: Talpidae (Moles, Desmans, Star-nosed Moles and Shrew Moles). In: Don E. Wilson and Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 8: Insectivores, Sloths, Colugos. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2018, pp. 552–620 (p. 618) ISBN 978-84-16728-08-4
- ED Zemlemerova, AA Bannikova, VS Lebedev, VV Rozhnov and AV Abramov: Secrets of the underground Vietnam: an underestimated species diversity of Asian moles (Lipotyphla: Talpidae: Euroscaptor). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 320 (2), 2016, pp. 193-220
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f E. D. Zemlemerova, AA Bannikova, VS Lebedev, VV Rozhnov and AV Abramov: Secrets of the underground Vietnam: an underestimated species diversity of Asian moles (Lipotyphla: Talpidae: Euroscaptor). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 320 (2), 2016, pp. 193-220
- ↑ a b c Boris Kryštufek and Masaharu Motokawa: Talpidae (Moles, Desmans, Star-nosed Moles and Shrew Moles). In: Don E. Wilson and Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 8: Insectivores, Sloths, Colugos. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2018, pp. 552–620 (p. 618) ISBN 978-84-16728-08-4
- ↑ a b Robert S. Hoffmann and Darrin Lunde: Genus Euroscaptor. In: Andrew T. Smith and Yan Xie (Eds.): A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton New Jersey, 2010, pp. 322-323
- ↑ a b Kai He, Akio Shinohara, Kristofer M. Helgen, Mark S. Springer, Xue-Long Jiang and Kevin L. Campbell: Talpid Mole Phylogeny Unites Shrew Moles and Illuminates Overlooked Cryptic Species Diversity. Molecular Biology and Evolution 34 (1), 2016, pp. 78-87
- ^ Gerrit S. Miller: Notes on Some Moles from Southeastern Asia. Journal of Mammalogy 21 (4), 1940, pp. 442-444
- ↑ ED Zemlemerova, AA Bannikova, AV Abramov, VS Lebedev, and VV Rozhnov: New Data on Molecular Phylogeny of the East Asian Moles. Doklady Biological Sciences 451, 2013, pp. 257-260