Long-nosed mole
| Long-nosed mole | ||||||||||||
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| Euroscaptor longirostris | ||||||||||||
| ( Milne-Edwards , 1870) |
The long-nosed mole ( Euroscaptor longirostris ) is one of the species of Southeast Asian moles within the moles (Talpidae). It is common in the south of the People's Republic of China .
features
The long-nosed mole reaches a head-trunk length of about 9 to 14.5 centimeters and a tail length of 1.1 to 2.5 centimeters. It is significantly smaller than the Great Chinese Mole ( Euroscaptor grandis ) and about the same size as the Kloss Mole ( Euroscaptor klossi ). The fur is dark gray to black, sometimes with a brownish mottling. The sparsely hairy tail is comparatively long, at the tip it has white hair up to 12.5 millimeters long. Compared to all of China's larger moles, the snout is long and narrow and the head also appears long and narrow.
distribution
The long-nosed mole lives in parts of the People's Republic of China as well as in the neighboring northwest of Vietnam . In China, the species occurs in the provinces of Sichuan , Fujian , Yunnan , Guizhou Hunan , Guangxi , Shaanxi , Gansu , Hubei and Jiangxi .
The altitude distribution ranges from 1800 to 2900 meters.
Way of life
Very little information is available about the way of life of the long-nosed mole, but it should agree with that of the other moles. According to this, they mostly live underground, where they set up passage systems. Their diet consists of earthworms, insects and other small animals.
The species lives in forest areas of the higher regions with loose soils, especially in moderately humid habitats in alpine birch forests. In the south of China, the species occurs in large areas sympatric with the much smaller La Touche mole ( Mogera latouchei ).
Systematics
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Internal systematics of the Southeast Asian moles according to Zemlemerova et al. 2016
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The long-nosed mole is an independent species within the genus of the Southeast Asian moles ( Euroscaptor ), which includes nine other species. The genus belongs to the family of moles (Talpidae), within which it forms part of the tribe of the actual moles (Talpini). The actual moles include the mostly burrowing representatives of the moles, other members of the family, on the other hand, only partially live underground, move above ground or are adapted to a semi-aquatic way of life. Molecular genetic studies show that the Southeast Asian moles are divided into two kinship groups, the western longirostris group around the long-nosed mole and the eastern parvidens group around the pakho mole ( Euroscaptor parvidens ). The long-nosed mole is more closely related to the Kloss mole ( Euroscaptor klossi ) or the Malaysia mole ( Euroscaptor malayana ).
Subspecies are not known. The species was first described in 1870 by Henri Milne-Edwards as Talpa longirostris and referred to the genus Euroscaptor in 1940 by Gerrit S. Miller . A year later they saw Stroganov as a type of the genus Eoscalops . Other authors assigned the form as a subspecies of the Himalayan mole ( Euroscaptor micrura ). Originally the species was also adopted in northern Vietnam . Molecular genetic studies in 2016 showed that these are independent lines of development. These were then raised to species status under the names Euroscaptor orlovi and Euroscaptor kuznetsovi .
Hazard and protection
The species is listed as not endangered ( least concern ) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) due to its large distribution area and the assumed large population numbers and occurrence in several protected areas . The main threats to the populations are deforestation to expand agricultural areas and the use of the species in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
literature
- Robert S. Hoffmann , Darrin P. Lunde : Greater Chinese Mole. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie (Eds.): A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ et al. 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 , p. 323.
Web links
- Euroscaptor longirostris inthe IUCN 2012 Red List of Threatened Species . Listed by: Andrew T. Smith , CH Johnston, 2008. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f Robert S. Hoffmann , Darrin P. Lunde : Greater Chinese Mole. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie (Eds.): A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ et al. 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 , p. 323.
- ↑ a b c Euroscaptor longirostris in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2012.2. Listed by: Andrew T. Smith , CH Johnston, 2008. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
- ↑ a b c E. D. Zemlemerova, AA Bannikova, VS Lebedev, VV Rozhnov and AV Abramov: Secrets of the underground Vietnam: an underestimated species diversity of Asian moles (Lipotyphla: Talpidae: Euroscaptor). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 320 (2), 2016, pp. 193-220.
- ↑ a b Kai He, Akio Shinohara, Kristofer M. Helgen, Mark S. Springer, Xue-Long Jiang and Kevin L. Campbell: Talpid Mole Phylogeny Unites Shrew Moles and Illuminates Overlooked Cryptic Species Diversity. Molecular Biology and Evolution 34 (1), 2016, pp. 78-87.
- ↑ a b Euroscaptor longirostris . In: Don E. Wilson , DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 volumes. 3. Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
- ^ Henri Milne-Edwards: Note sur quelques Mammifères du Thibet oriental. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 70, 1870, pp. 341-342 ( [1] ).
- ^ A b Gerrit S. Miller: Notes on Some Moles from Southeastern Asia. Journal of Mammalogy 21 (4), 1940, pp. 442-444.