Euscorpius gamma

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Euscorpius gamma
Systematics
Sub-stem : Jawbearers (Chelicerata)
Class : Arachnids (arachnida)
Order : Scorpions (Scorpionides)
Family : Euscorpiidae
Genre : Euscorpius
Type : Euscorpius gamma
Scientific name
Euscorpius gamma
Caporiacco , 1950

Euscorpius gamma is a scorpion species from the family of euscorpiidae . Euscorpius gamma was only separated from E. germanus as a separate species in 2000. The previously known southeast-central European area of ​​the species includes the extreme south of Austria , northeastern Italy as well as Slovenia and Croatia ; the southeast limit of the distribution on the Balkan Peninsula is so far unclear.

features

Like all species of the genus, Euscorpius gamma is relatively small, the animals have an average body length of about 32 mm. Overall, they are quite light brown, the bulbous poisonous bladder of the male is monochrome light to yellow-brown. The differentiation from the extremely similar and partly sympathetic species Euscorpius carpathicus , E. germanus and E. mingrelicus is only possible by comparing several fine morphological features. In E. gamma , the front edge of the carapace is straight and the legs are rather weakly pigmented. The pedipalp hand (Chela manus) has four trichobothria ventrally . The trichobothria "est" and "dsb" on the fixed finger of the pedipalp are closely adjacent. The patella of the pedipalps usually has 5, more rarely 6 trichobothria on the ventral side and 20 to 22 on the distal side, the so-called group "et" comprising 4 trichobothria.

distribution and habitat

The previously known southeast-central European area of ​​the species comprises the extreme south of the federal state of Carinthia in Austria , northeastern Italy as well as Slovenia and Croatia ; the southeast limit of the distribution on the Balkan Peninsula is so far unclear.

E. gamma inhabits moist mountain regions and is found there under stones, dead wood or under the bark of old trees. In Austria the species inhabits rocky habitats such as block heaps, rubble corridors and erosion channels as well as original beech and mixed beech forests and pine forests with a lot of dead wood and boulders.

Systematics

Euscorpius gamma was only separated from E. germanus as a separate species in 2000 due to morphological and molecular genetic studies . Subspecies have not yet been described.

Danger

In Austria, Euscorpius gamma is considered endangered. The main sources of danger are forestry measures such as afforestation of open areas with spruce, clearing and the use of insecticides , conversion of deciduous and mixed deciduous forests into spruce forests, soil compaction, the removal of fringing groups, old and dead wood and road construction. Further hazards arise from buildings, safety measures such as avalanche barriers and the securing or blasting of rock and slope areas at risk of slipping. All of these measures cause increasing fragmentation and isolation of the deposits.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Bernhard Scherabon, Benjamin Gantenbein, Victor Fet, Mark Barker, Matjaz Kuntner, Christian Kropf, Dietmar Huber: A new species of scorpion from Austria, Italy, Slovenia and Croatia: Euscorpius gamma Caporiacco, 1950, stat. nov. (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). - Ekologia (Bratislava) 19 (Suppl. 3), 2000, p. 261.
  2. ↑ Komposch / Komposch 2000, pp. 260–261.
  3. ↑ Bernhard Scherabon, Benjamin Gantenbein, Victor Fet, Mark Barker, Matjaz Kuntner, Christian Kropf, Dietmar Huber: A new species of scorpion from Austria, Italy, Slovenia and Croatia: Euscorpius gamma Caporiacco, 1950, stat. nov. (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). - Ekologia (Bratislava) 19 (Suppl. 3), 2000, pp. 260-261.
  4. ^ Jan Ove Rein: A review of the Scorpion fauna of Europe. Last update April 28, 2010 ( online , accessed August 17, 2010).
  5. ↑ Komposch / Komposch 2000, p. 261.
  6. ^ A b Christian Komposch: Red List of Austria's Scorpions . In: Red Lists of Endangered Animals in Austria. Green series Volume 14/3, Böhlau-Verlag, Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-205-78280-3 , pp. 376–395.
  7. ↑ Bernhard Scherabon, Benjamin Gantenbein, Victor Fet, Mark Barker, Matjaz Kuntner, Christian Kropf, Dietmar Huber: A new species of scorpion from Austria, Italy, Slovenia and Croatia: Euscorpius gamma Caporiacco, 1950, stat. nov. (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). - Ekologia (Bratislava) 19 (Suppl. 3), 2000, pp. 253-262.

literature

  • Christian Komposch, Brigitte Komposch: The Scorpions of Carinthia. Occurrence, behavior and importance in folk medicine. (Arachnida: Scorpiones). In: Carinthia II. Volume 190/110, Klagenfurt 2000, pp. 247-268 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  • Bernhard Scherabon, Benjamin Gantenbein, Victor Fet, Mark Barker, Matjaz Kuntner, Christian Kropf, Dietmar Huber: A new species of scorpion from Austria, Italy, Slovenia and Croatia: Euscorpius gamma Caporiacco, 1950, stat. nov. (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). In: Ekologia (Bratislava) 19 (Suppl. 3), 2000, pp. 253-262 ( online, PDF ).