Express (satellite)
Express also Ekspress ( Russian Экспресс ) is the name of a series of communications satellites of the Russian Satellite Communications Company (RSCC) based in Moscow .
The express satellite fleet
The first Express satellite was launched on October 13, 1994, since then the satellite series has been continuously improved and now includes the models Express , Express A , Express AM , Express MD and the Express AT, which is currently in development .
Most of the satellites were manufactured by NPO PM . The smaller and lighter Express MD model is manufactured by GKNPZ Khrunichev based on the KazSat-1 satellite. The 5,775 kg Express AM4 was built by Astrium on the basis of the Eurostar 3000 satellite bus. After its false start into an unusable orbit, the functional satellite was deliberately crashed on March 25, 2012. An identical replacement satellite was ordered under the name Express AM-4R, but it was also destroyed on May 15, 2014 when a Proton rocket crashed.
Together with Express AM-4R, RSCC ordered the Express AM-7 satellite from Astrium.
A Proton-K / Block-DM-2M or Proton-M / Bris-M rocket was used as a launch rocket for all satellites . Three satellites were lost due to a missile malfunction.
| satellite | begin | position | status | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Express series | ||||
| Express 1 | October 13, 1994 | 173.6 ° West | Out of service | |
| Express 2 | September 29, 1996 | 91.7 ° East | Out of service | |
| Express A series | ||||
| Express A1 | October 27, 1999 | - | destroyed | Missile launch |
| Express A2 | March 12, 2000 | 103 ° East | in operation | |
| Express A3 | June 24, 2000 | 11 ° west | Out of service | |
| Express A4 (A1R) | June 10, 2002 | 14 ° west | in operation | |
| Express AM series | ||||
| Express AM22 | December 28, 2003 | 53 ° East | in operation | |
| Express AM11 | April 26, 2004 | 96.5 ° East | destroyed | Satellite defective since March 28, 2006 due to an external influence, probably caused by collision with space debris |
| Express AM1 | October 30, 2004 | 40 ° East | Out of service | |
| Express AM2 | March 29, 2005 | 80 ° East | Out of service | |
| Express AM3 | June 24, 2005 | 140 ° East | in operation | |
| Express AM33 | January 28, 2008 | 96.5 ° East | in operation | |
| Express AM44 | February 11, 2009 | 11 ° west | in operation | Start together with Express MD1 |
| Express AM4 | 17th August 2011 | - | destroyed | False start: fourth stage does not carry out fifth burning phase. Bad orbit. The satellite was deliberately crashed even though a company for radio communications to the Antarctic wanted to take it over, as its orbit inclination of 51 ° to the equator would have enabled temporary reception in the Antarctic. |
| Express AM5 | December 26, 2013 | 140 ° East | ||
| Express AM6 | October 21, 2014 | in operation | Capacity leased to Eutelsat. The satellite is now called Eutelsat 53A. | |
| Express AM4R | May 15, 2014 | - | destroyed | False start |
| Express AM7 | March 18, 2015 | in orbit | ||
| Express AM8 | September 14, 2015 | ? | in orbit | |
| Express AT series | ||||
| Express AT1 | March 15, 2014 | 56 ° East | Start together with Express AT2 | |
| Express AT2 | March 15, 2014 | 140 ° East | Start together with Express AT1 | |
| Express MD series | ||||
| Express MD1 | February 11, 2009 | 80 ° East | in operation | Start together with Express AM44 |
| Express MD2 | August 6, 2012 | Intended:
151.7 ° West |
in the wrong orbit | False start: satellite did not reach the predicted orbit but is working in the LEO |
See also
Web links
- Russian Satellite Communications Company (Russian / English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Gunter Krebs: Express-AM 4, 4R. In: Gunter's Space Page. March 27, 2012, accessed March 28, 2012 .
- ^ A b Stephen Clark: Russian satellite destroyed despite promise for scientists. Spaceflight Now, March 25, 2012, accessed March 27, 2012 .
- ↑ a b Proton rocket crashed with the most powerful Russian communications satellite. RIA Novosti, May 16, 2014, accessed May 16, 2014 .
- ↑ Astrium: Astrium awarded two satellite contracts by the Russian operator RSCC , Date: March 27, 2012, Accessed: March 30, 2012 ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Express-1 and -2 on the "List of geostationary satellites" on N2YO
- ↑ NASASpaceFlight.com: FAILURE: Russia's Ekspress-AM4 is lost as Proton-M Briz-M fails
- ↑ Thomas Weyrauch: Express-AM 4 destroyed on re-entry , Date: March 26, 2012, Accessed: March 27, 2012
- ↑ Russia develops new grouping of communications satellites. RIA Novosti, November 24, 2009; accessed November 24, 2009 .
- ↑ a b Express-MD2 on N2YO (English). Retrieved July 5.
- ^ Günther Glatzel: Error analysis from the Proton start on August 6th. raumfahrer.net, August 16, 2012, accessed on September 18, 2012 .
