Case report (medicine)

A clinical case report ( English case report is) a detailed description of medical interventions and observations on one or a few patients. Such a case report typically reports on an unusual process, an unusual illness, situation, appearance, form of therapy, therapy result, etc.

history

Case reports are one of the oldest documentation methods for medical knowledge. As early as 1550 BC There were reports of treatments for individual patients in the Egyptian scriptures. The passing on of medical knowledge on the basis of individual case reports can also be found with Hippocrates , Galen and many famous doctors. Many groundbreaking medical findings come from individual case reports or case series reports (see the following table).

year	Subject / title	Type of publication	magazine	author
1829	Successful case of a blood transfusion	Case report	Lancet	Blundell, J.
1832	About some pathological phenomena of the absorbing glands and the spleen (first description of Hodgkin's disease )	Case series with 7 patient reports	Med. Chir. Transact.	Hodgkin, T.
1934	Treatment of myasthenia gravis with physostigmine	Case report	Lancet	Walker, MB
1947	Elimination of long-lasting ventricular fibrillation through electric shock ( defibrillation )	Case report	JAMA	Beck CS
1961	Thalidomide and congenital malformations	Case series	Lancet	McBride flat share
1967	A human heart transplant : an interim report of a successful operation at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town	Case report	S Afr Med J	Barnard CN
1981	Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and candidiasis of the mucous membranes in previously healthy homosexual men: evidence of newly acquired cellular immunodeficiency ( AIDS )	Case series	NEJM	Gottlieb, MS
2008	Propranolol for childhood hemangiomas	Case report and case series	NEJM	Léauté-Labrèze C.

Current developments

The course of the frequency of non-systematic reviews, case reports, studies (trials) and systematic reviews in the years 1950 to 2007 (from MEDLINE)

In the last few decades, the number of published case reports has increased steadily (see graphic). In addition to the large number of discussions about the particular benefits of case reports, the simple possibility of publication using electronic journals may also be a decisive reason for this.

CAse REport guideline and case reports in evidence-based medicine

In 2013, an international consensus-based publication guideline for case reports - the CARE guideline - was published in parallel in several journals: The BMJ Case Reports, Deutsches Ärzteblatt , Global Advances in Health and Medicine, Headache, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , Journal of Dietary Supplements, Journal of Medical Case reports .

The guideline provides information for areas that a complete case report should contain, discusses the role of case reports in evidence-based medicine (EbM) and shows further questions, such as the causality assessment in individual cases or the transferability of the results of one case to other cases. The guideline was included in the series of publication guidelines of the EQUATOR network. Materials for the preparation of case reports are compiled on a separate website for the CARE guideline. In evidence-based medicine, more and more articles on the role of case reports were written by EbM co-founder Milos Jenicek .

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b Milos Jenicek: Clinical Case Reporting in Evidence-Based Medicine . 2nd Edition. Hodder Arnold Publication, Hamilton (Ontario) and Montreal (Quebec) Canada 2001, ISBN 978-0-340-76399-5 .
↑ Porta, Miquel (Ed.): A Dictionary of Epidemiology . 5th edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-531450-2 , pp. 33 .
^ Papyrus Ebers. Retrieved April 15, 2016 .
↑ Düwell, Susanne; Pethes, Nicolas (Ed.): Case - Case History - Case Study . 1st edition. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt / New York 2014, ISBN 978-3-593-50102-4 .
↑ History of blood transfusion. (No longer available online.) 2005, archived from the original on October 7, 2011 ; accessed on April 15, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
^ Marvin J. Stone: Thomas Hodgkin: medical immortal and uncompromising idealist . In: Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) . tape 18 , no. 4 , October 1, 2005, p. 368-375 , PMID 16252028 , PMC 1255947 (free full text).
↑ Walker MB: Treatment of myasthenia gravis with physostigmine . In: Lancet . 1934, p. 1200-1 .
↑ CS Beck, WH Pritchard, HS Feil: Ventricular fibrillation of long duration abolished by electric shock . In: Journal of the American Medical Association . tape 135 , no. 15 , December 13, 1947, pp. 985 , PMID 20272528 .
^ GS Somers: Thalidomide and congenital abnormalities . In: Lancet (London, England) . tape 1 , no. 7235 , April 28, 1962, pp. 912-913 , PMID 13915092 .
^ AT Cheong, EM Khoo: Missing an Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture . In: Malaysian Family Physician: the Official Journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia . tape 4 , no. 1 , April 30, 2009, ISSN 1985-207X , p. 33-36 , PMID 25606157 , PMC 4170370 (free full text).
↑ Gottlieb MS, Schroff R, Schanker HM, Weisman JD, Fan PT, Wolf RA, Saxon A .: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: evidence of a new acquired cellular immunodeficiency . In: N Engl J Med . tape 305 (24) , 1981, pp. 1425-31 .
↑ Christine Léauté-Labrèze, Eric Dumas de la Roque, Thomas Hubiche, Franck Boralevi, Jean-Benoît Thambo: Propranolol for severe hemangiomas of infancy . In: The New England Journal of Medicine . tape 358 , no. 24 , June 12, 2008, pp. 2649-2651 , doi : 10.1056 / NEJMc0708819 , PMID 18550886 .
↑ Hilda Bastian, Paul Glasziou, Iain Chalmers: Seventy-five trials and eleven systematic reviews a day: how will we ever keep up? In: PLoS medicine . tape 7 , no. 9 , September 1, 2010, p. e1000326 , doi : 10.1371 / journal.pmed.1000326 , PMID 20877712 , PMC 2943439 (free full text).
^ Joel J. Gagnier, David Riley, Douglas G. Altman , David Moher, Harold Sox: The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development . In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt International . tape 110 , no. 37 , September 1, 2013, p. 603–608 , doi : 10.3238 / arztebl.2013.0603 , PMID 24078847 , PMC 3784031 (free full text).
↑ EQUATOR
↑ CARE guideline
↑ Milos Jenicek: Writing, Reading, and Understanding in Modern Health Sciences: Medical Articles and Other Forms of Communication . 1st edition. Apple Academic Press, 2014, pp. 119-142 .

[JenicekReporting-1] A ^b Milos Jenicek: Clinical Case Reporting in Evidence-Based Medicine . 2nd Edition. Hodder Arnold Publication, Hamilton (Ontario) and Montreal (Quebec) Canada 2001, ISBN 978-0-340-76399-5 .

[2] Porta, Miquel (Ed.): A Dictionary of Epidemiology . 5th edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-531450-2 , pp. 33 .

[3] Papyrus Ebers. Retrieved April 15, 2016 .

[4] Düwell, Susanne; Pethes, Nicolas (Ed.): Case - Case History - Case Study . 1st edition. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt / New York 2014, ISBN 978-3-593-50102-4 .

[5] History of blood transfusion. (No longer available online.) 2005, archived from the original on October 7, 2011 ; accessed on April 15, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[6] Marvin J. Stone: Thomas Hodgkin: medical immortal and uncompromising idealist . In: Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) . tape 18 , no. 4 , October 1, 2005, p. 368-375 , PMID 16252028 , PMC 1255947 (free full text).

[7] Walker MB: Treatment of myasthenia gravis with physostigmine . In: Lancet . 1934, p. 1200-1 .

[8] CS Beck, WH Pritchard, HS Feil: Ventricular fibrillation of long duration abolished by electric shock . In: Journal of the American Medical Association . tape 135 , no. 15 , December 13, 1947, pp. 985 , PMID 20272528 .

[9] GS Somers: Thalidomide and congenital abnormalities . In: Lancet (London, England) . tape 1 , no. 7235 , April 28, 1962, pp. 912-913 , PMID 13915092 .

[10] AT Cheong, EM Khoo: Missing an Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture . In: Malaysian Family Physician: the Official Journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia . tape 4 , no. 1 , April 30, 2009, ISSN 1985-207X , p. 33-36 , PMID 25606157 , PMC 4170370 (free full text).

[11] Gottlieb MS, Schroff R, Schanker HM, Weisman JD, Fan PT, Wolf RA, Saxon A .: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: evidence of a new acquired cellular immunodeficiency . In: N Engl J Med . tape 305 (24) , 1981, pp. 1425-31 .

[12] Christine Léauté-Labrèze, Eric Dumas de la Roque, Thomas Hubiche, Franck Boralevi, Jean-Benoît Thambo: Propranolol for severe hemangiomas of infancy . In: The New England Journal of Medicine . tape 358 , no. 24 , June 12, 2008, pp. 2649-2651 , doi : 10.1056 / NEJMc0708819 , PMID 18550886 .

[13] Hilda Bastian, Paul Glasziou, Iain Chalmers: Seventy-five trials and eleven systematic reviews a day: how will we ever keep up? In: PLoS medicine . tape 7 , no. 9 , September 1, 2010, p. e1000326 , doi : 10.1371 / journal.pmed.1000326 , PMID 20877712 , PMC 2943439 (free full text).

[14] Joel J. Gagnier, David Riley, Douglas G. Altman , David Moher, Harold Sox: The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development . In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt International . tape 110 , no. 37 , September 1, 2013, p. 603–608 , doi : 10.3238 / arztebl.2013.0603 , PMID 24078847 , PMC 3784031 (free full text).

[15] EQUATOR

[16] CARE guideline

[17] Milos Jenicek: Writing, Reading, and Understanding in Modern Health Sciences: Medical Articles and Other Forms of Communication . 1st edition. Apple Academic Press, 2014, pp. 119-142 .