False mandrake root

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False mandrake root
Tellima grandiflora1.jpg

False mandrake root ( Tellima grandiflora )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Saxifragales (Saxifragales)
Family : Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae)
Genre : Tellima
Type : False mandrake root
Scientific name of the  genus
Tellima
R.Br.
Scientific name of the  species
Tellima grandiflora
( Pursh ) Douglas ex Lindl.

The tellima ( Tellima grandiflora ), also Frans cup called, is a plant from the family of the Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae). It is the only species in the Tellima genus .

description

Vegetative characteristics

leaves
Detail of the inflorescence with three flowers

The false mandrake root grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 40 to 90 cm. It does not form rhizomes or stolons . The bulbous, thickened, subterranean part of the stem has scale-shaped lower leaves. The glandular hairy stem has two to three alternate, relatively large leaves. The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf stalks are 3 to 30 cm long, the basal leaves are the longest, the upper ones encompass the stems. The 3.5 to 10 cm long leaf blade is round, heart-shaped, three to nine lobes. The membranous, green stipules are about 5 mm long.

Generative characteristics

In an elongated, 40 to 90 cm long, racemose inflorescence , 14 to 30 flowers and bracts stand together. The inconspicuous flowers are hermaphroditic and five-fold with double perianth . Half of the green flower cup (hypanthium) is fused with the ovary; the free area is 2 to 3 mm long. The five sepals are erect, greenish and 1 to 3 mm long. The five greenish-white or cream to pink petals are fringed and slashed and 3 to 7 mm long. There are two circles with five stamens each; they are 0.8 to 1 mm long and do not protrude beyond the petals. The einviertelunterständige ovary is unilocular. The two 1 to 1.5 mm long styles are shorter than the petals. The flowering period extends from April to July.

The egg-shaped capsule fruit is 7 to 8 mm long and contains 100 to 150 seeds. The dark brown seeds are ellipsoidal, 0.8 to 1 mm long and warty.

The basic chromosome number is n = 7.

Occurrence

The original home is in British Columbia , Alaska , California , Idaho , Montana , Oregon and Washington . Tellima grandiflora thrives in moist forests, bushes, meadows, rocky slopes and often near flowing waters at altitudes between 0 and 2000 meters.

The false mandrake root is wild in Europe as an ornamental plant and naturalized in different places. It grows here mainly on ruderally influenced roadsides, shady areas and along rivers, e.g. B. in the Thuringian Forest and in various places in the Ruhr area in North Rhine-Westphalia.

Systematics

This species was named Mitella grandiflora in 1813 by Frederick Traugott Pursh in Flora Americae Septentrionalis; or ... , 1, p. 314. David Douglas listed this species as Tellima grandiflora in John Lindley : Botanical Register in 1828 ; consisting of colored ... , Volume 14, Plate 1178 in the genus Tellima . The genus Tellima was set up in 1823 by Robert Brown in Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea , pp. 765-766. Another synonym is Tellima odorata Howell .

Tellima is an anagram of the original generic name Mitella . The specific epithet grandiflora means large-flowered.

literature

  • Hans-Joachim Zündorf, Karl-Friedrich Günther, Heiko Korsch and Werner Westhus (eds.): Flora of Thuringia . Weissdorn-Verlag, Jena 2006, ISBN 3-936055-09-2 .
  • Elizabeth Fortson Wells & Patrick E. Elvander: Tellima in the Flora of North America , Volume 8, 2009, p. 76: Genus and Species - Online.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Yearbook 2010 of the Bochum Botanical Association: Jagel, A., Hetzel, I. & Loos, GH: Die Falsche Mandraunenwurzel (Tellima grandiflora (Pursh) Dougl. Ex Lindl., (Saxifragaceae)), naturalized in the Ruhr area (PDF; 2 MB )
  2. ↑ Pursh: Flora Americae Septentrionalis; or ... , 1, 1813, p. 314 scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org.
  3. ^ Lindley: Botanical Register; consisting of colored ... , Volume 14, 1828, plate 1178 scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org.

Web links

Commons : False mandrake root ( Tellima grandiflora )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files