Farruca
The farruca is a form, a palo , of flamenco .
history
In Andalusia and Cuba , immigrants from Galicia and Asturias were known as Farrucos . However, there is no musically sound evidence for the thesis that is often rumored in flamenco literature that this form of music originated in these regions. Another theory says that it is a stage dance from the milieu of the popular Zarzuela , the vaudeville and café cantante of the first decade of the 20th century, which was adapted to the flamenco. For example, around 1907 José Serrano composed a lyric sainete in which he included a farruca. The protagonists of farruca in flamenco were probably Manuel Lobato, known as El Loli, and Manuel Torre . Hipólito Rossy names Antonio Pozo "El Mochuelo" as the creator of the Flamenco Farruca.
El Gato is considered to be the creator of the flamenco dance at Farruca. In 1908 Faico created the first choreography to music by Ramón Montoya .
For the guitar, the Farruca was further developed by Ramón Montoya, Sabicas, Niño Ricardo, Luis Maravillas, Serranito, Niño Miguel, Enrique Melchor, José Antonio Rodríguez , Manolo Sanlúcar and Paco de Lucía .
Musical characteristics
The basic rhythm of the Farruca is based on a calm, in the danced versions also slow 8-pulse, which can be noted as four-bar - with two 4/4 bars each representing a cycle of the Compás flamenco .
The tonality is minor (usually A minor in traditional guitar accompaniment), with occasional changes to the major of the same name or insertions of Phrygian semiclosures in the style of the so-called Andalusian cadenza . The instrumental accompaniment in the danced Farruca is often limited to ostinate changes of dominant and tonic , similar to the Tanguillos from Cádiz and Garrotín . The dance is often concluded with a stretta , in which the tempo and volume are increased towards the end and in which the rhythm, but occasionally also the harmony, takes over elements of the Tanguillo or the Rumba .
The zapateados' percussive footwork is characterized by contratiempos and virtuoso rhythmic diversity, which in modern choreographies is often accompanied by the use of a doubletime technique, i.e. the intensification of the metric framework by doubling the basic pulse.
Caballero Bonald characterized the Farruca as follows:
«Sobrio y viril, de muy válida correspondencia con el temperamento comunicativo de los gitanos»
"Unadorned and masculine, with a very clear reference to the communicative temperament of the Gitanos "
Verses
The Farruca stanza consists of eight-syllable lines, usually four, with ending rhymes on the even-numbered lines.
The following stanza gives an example:
Y arriba la oliva
y abajo el limón
limonada de mi vida
limonada de mi amor,
y allá arriba y arriba,
y allá arriba los dos
despues de pasar fatigas.
And the olive came
and the lemon sank
Lemonade of my life
Lemonade of my love,
and there they came and they came,
and there both came,
and finally got tired.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Farruca. In: Flamencopolis.com. Faustino Nuñez, 2009, accessed October 10, 2018 (European Spanish).
- ↑ a b c d Juan Vergillos: Conocer el Flamenco . Signatura Ediciones de Andalucía, Sevilla 2009, ISBN 978-84-95122-84-1 , p. 72 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Farruca. In: Flamencoviejo.com. Miguel Órtiz, 2010, accessed October 10, 2018 (European Spanish).
- ↑ Juan Vergillos: Conocer el Flamenco . S. 142 .