Rubble earth owl
| Rubble earth owl | ||||||||||||
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Rubble earth owl ( Dichagyris forcipula bornicensis ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Dichagyris forcipula | ||||||||||||
| ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775) |
The rocky scree earth owl ( Dichagyris forcipula , Syn . : Yigoga forcipula ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the owl butterflies (Noctuidae).
features
butterfly
The wingspan of the moth is 38 to 42 millimeters. Gray and brown tones predominate as the basic color of the upper side of the forewing. The blemishes are large and outlined in black. The kidney flaw is mostly whitish inside. Cross lines, wavy lines and arrow spots are mostly indistinct. The upper side of the hind wing is colored gray-brown without drawing.
Caterpillar
The caterpillars are gray-brown to reddish-brown in color. Elongated black-brown spots can be seen above the indistinct secondary ridge lines. Two black arched lines stand out from the brown head and a light central line from the pronotum.
Similar species
- Höfner's Felshalden-Erdule ( Dichagyris nigrescens ) is somewhat larger, mostly darker in color and shows a more jagged outer transverse line.
- Dichagyris fidelis is distinguished by the narrower front wings and the lighter colored hind wings.
distribution and habitat
The distribution area of the rock scree earth owl extends from northwest Africa over the Iberian Peninsula as well as through the Mediterranean and Central Europe to the Middle East and further east to the Carpathians , the Black Sea and the Caucasus . The species prefers to colonize dry, warm and rocky slopes at altitudes of up to 2000 meters.
Subspecies
In addition to the nominate form Dichagyris forcipula forcipula, which is widespread in Central and Eastern Europe, a distinction is made between the following subspecies :
- Dichagyris forcipula amasicola Koçak , 1980, ( Crimea , Turkey )
- Dichagyris forcipula bornicensis Fuchs , 1884, ( Rheingau )
- Dichagyris forcipula gueddelanea Oberthür , 1918, ( Spain , Algeria )
- Dichagyris forcipula helladica Rebel , 1905, ( Balkan Peninsula )
- Dichagyris forcipula lithargyrula Turati , 1919, ( Sicily )
The extent to which some of the subspecies can be regarded as separate species requires further research.
Way of life
The moths are nocturnal, fly in one generation from late May to early August, and visit flowers, bait, and artificial light sources . The caterpillars live from August, overwinter and pupate in May of the following year. They feed on the leaves of various dock - ( Rumex ), bedstraw - ( Galium ), grass lilies - ( Anthericum ), Artemisia - and report species ( Atriplex ). During the day they hide in the ground or under stones.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Michael Fibiger: Noctuidae Europaeae Volume 1, Entomological Press, Søro 1990, ISBN 87-89430-01-8 , pp. 130-132
- ↑ Walter Forster, Theodor A. Wohlfahrt: The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 , p. 19.
- ↑ Günter Ebert (Ed.): The Butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 7, Nachtfalter V. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3500-0 , p. 518
literature
- Michael Fibiger: Noctuidae Europaeae Volume 1, Entomological Press, Søro 1990, ISBN 87-89430-01-8 , pp. 130-132
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 , p. 19.
- Manfred Koch : We determine butterflies. Volume 3: Owls. 2nd, expanded edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1972, DNB 760072930 , pp. 62-63.
Web links
- Lepiforum e. V. - Taxonomy and photos
- Lepi Net photos
- funet.fi - dissemination
- pyrgus.de - Butterflies and their ecology
- Dichagyris forcipula in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved October 6, 2016