Fennel Porling

Fennel Porling
	Fennel Porling ( Osmoporus odoratus )
Systematics
Class :	Agaricomycetes
Subclass :	insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order :	Leaflets (Gloeophyllales)
Family :	Leaf relatives (Gloeophyllaceae)
Genre :	Osmoporus
Type :	Fennel Porling
Scientific name
	Osmoporus odoratus
	( Wulfen ) Singer

The fennel porling or the fennel tramete ( Osmoporus odoratus , syn .: Gloeophyllum odoratum ) is a species of fungus from the family of the leaf relatives (Gloeophyllaceae). It was first described in 1788 by the Carinthian botanist Franz Xaver von Wulfen as Boletus odoratus .

features

Enlargement of the pores of the fennel porling

Fennel sprouts on the top of a tree stump

The perennial fruiting bodies are initially bulbous, later they become console-shaped, they can stand individually or be fused into clumps. The upper side of young specimens is matt-tomentose and yellow to orange-brown in color, older fruiting bodies are bald and change their color to darker brown tones up to black. The growth zone of the hats is bulging and lighter colored. The underside is porous and yellow when young, later turning brown. The pores of perennial specimens are arranged in clear layers. The trama of the mushroom is brown and cork-like. The fennel or aniseed smell of fresh specimens is characteristic of the species. The fruiting bodies are up to 20 cm wide and up to 10 cm from the substrate.

ecology

The fennel spruce colonizes very old, thick coniferous stumps, exposed roots or trunks buried in the ground, especially of spruce , but also occurs on fir ( Abies ), larch ( Larix ) and pine ( Pinus ). It occurs in all native forest communities, provided that suitable substrates are available.

distribution

The fennel porling is widespread in the Holarctic , in Europe it is a typical species of the spruce forests and was originally limited to the sub- and high-montane areas, but has now spread to other areas with the cultivation of spruce.

Species delimitation in Europe

In Europe there are only two representatives of the genus Osmoporus . The second representative, Osmoporus protractus , lacks the complex, aromatic smell that is so typical of the fennel pork . In addition, this thinner, on the upper side smoother, not so furrowed fruiting bodies that habitually remind more of representatives of the leaflets ( Gloeophyllum ), but differ from them by the purely porous hymenophore.

Systematics

For a long time the genus Osmoporus was considered to be congeneric with the foliage ( Gloeophyllum ), but was separated from this again due to genetic studies. The genus contains three species:

Fennel Porling ( Osmoporus odoratus )

Osmoporus mexicanus

Osmoporus protractus

Within the leaflets (Gloeophyllales), the genus Osmoporus is most closely related to the genera Griseoporea , Veluticeps and Chaetodermella .

meaning

Due to its choice of substrate, the fennel sprout does not appear as a pest, but rather becomes useful by breaking down old tree stumps. It is out of the question as an edible mushroom.

research

Fennel pork extracts have shown an inhibitory effect on thrombin , trypsin and cysteine proteases in laboratory experiments .

swell

literature

Annarosa Bernicchia: Polyporaceae s. l. In: Fungi Europaea . tape 10 . Candusso, Alassio (IT) 2005, ISBN 88-901057-5-5 .

German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): The large mushrooms of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 .

Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Mushrooms of Switzerland. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 2: Heterobasidiomycetes (gelatinous mushrooms), Aphyllophorales (non-leaf mushrooms), Gastromycetes (belly mushrooms). Mykologia, Luzern 1986, ISBN 3-85604-020-X .

Peter Schütt, Hans J. Schuck, Bernd Stimm: Lexicon of tree and shrub species . Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-53-8 .

Web links

Commons : Fennelporling ( Gloeophyllum odoratum ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e C.-C. Chen, B. Cao, T. Hattori, B.-K. Cui, C.-Y. Chen: Phylogenetic placement of Paratrichaptum and reconsideration of Gloeophyllales . In: Fungal Systematics and Evolution . tape 5 , no. 1 , 2020, ISSN 2589-3823 , p. 119–130 , doi : 10.3114 / fuse.2020.05.07 ( ingentaconnect.com ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Leif Ryvarden, Richard L. Gilbertson: European Polypores Part 1. Abortiporus-Lindtneria . In: Synopsis Fungorum . tape 6 . Fungiflora, Oslo, Norway 1993, p. 1-387 .
↑ Ricardo Garcia-Sandoval, Zheng Wang, Manfred Binder, David S. Hibbett: Molecular phylogenetics of the Gloeophyllales and relative ages of clades of Agaricomycotina producing a brown rot . In: Mycologia . tape 103 , no. 3 , May 2011, ISSN 0027-5514 , p. 510-524 , doi : 10.3852 / 10-209 ( tandfonline.com ).
↑ Doljak et al .: (2001). Screening for selective thrombin inhibitors in mushrooms. In: Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis. 12, 2001, pp. 123-128. PMID 11302474 .
↑ A. Mlinarič, S. Kreft, A. Umek, B. Štrukelj, T. Popovič: Cysteine proteinase inhibitors screening of fungal species growing in Slovenia. In: Acta Pharmaceutica . 50, No. 1, 2000, pp. 39-48.

[:1-1] C.-C. Chen, B. Cao, T. Hattori, B.-K. Cui, C.-Y. Chen: Phylogenetic placement of Paratrichaptum and reconsideration of Gloeophyllales . In: Fungal Systematics and Evolution . tape 5 , no. 1 , 2020, ISSN 2589-3823 , p. 119–130 , doi : 10.3114 / fuse.2020.05.07 ( ingentaconnect.com ).

[:0-2] Leif Ryvarden, Richard L. Gilbertson: European Polypores Part 1. Abortiporus-Lindtneria . In: Synopsis Fungorum . tape 6 . Fungiflora, Oslo, Norway 1993, p. 1-387 .

[3] Ricardo Garcia-Sandoval, Zheng Wang, Manfred Binder, David S. Hibbett: Molecular phylogenetics of the Gloeophyllales and relative ages of clades of Agaricomycotina producing a brown rot . In: Mycologia . tape 103 , no. 3 , May 2011, ISSN 0027-5514 , p. 510-524 , doi : 10.3852 / 10-209 ( tandfonline.com ).

[4] Doljak et al .: (2001). Screening for selective thrombin inhibitors in mushrooms. In: Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis. 12, 2001, pp. 123-128. PMID 11302474 .

[5] A. Mlinarič, S. Kreft, A. Umek, B. Štrukelj, T. Popovič: Cysteine proteinase inhibitors screening of fungal species growing in Slovenia. In: Acta Pharmaceutica . 50, No. 1, 2000, pp. 39-48.