Ferdinand Gasteiger

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Ferdinand Gasteiger (born February 16, 1901 in Osijek / Esseg, Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia , † January 7, 1969 in Munich ) was a German-Croatian politician, paramilitary leader and expellee functionary. During the Second World War he was the leader of the “ German Team ”, a member of the parliament of the Independent State of Croatia and “economic leader” of the “German Ethnic Group in the Independent State of Croatia”. After the Second World War, Gasteiger devoted himself to country team tasks in Austria and Germany.

Life

Gasteiger belonged to the group of Danube Swabians , who made up about a third of the population in his hometown Osijek (German Esseg). The city belonged to the Hungarian half of the Habsburg Monarchy until 1918 , then to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes . He studied in Osijek, Sušak and Sarajevo ; then he managed the branch of an insurance company in Osijek.

In the 1920s and 1930s he was active in cultural and political organizations of the German minority in Slavonia . Before 1933, Gasteiger often published in the German-language newspaper “Die Drau”, which was published in Osijek, as an expert on insurance issues and as a local exponent of the Pan-European movement . On October 25, 1925, he founded the “German Music and Singing Association” in Osijek with Franz Folk and Hubertus Wagner under the direction of Josef Meier. From this association a local group of the "German Party" originating from Vojvodina emerged, as their representative Gasteiger was elected in 1936 to the city council of Osijek. The chairman of the Swabian-German Cultural Association , Johann Keks , expelled Branimir Altgayer together with his deputy Gasteiger on March 29, 1936 because of insubordination. Then both founded the "Culture and Welfare Association of Germans in Slavonia" (KWVD).

Gasteiger led the armed local German vigilante groups in Serbia, the Batschka and the Baranja , which appeared as a German team during the German campaign against Yugoslavia in 1941 . From 1941 to 1945 Ferdinand Gasteiger was appointed deputy of the ethnic group leader Altgayer and the "economic leader" of the "German ethnic group in the independent state of Croatia" and thus head of the "main office for national economy of the national minority leadership in the independent state of Croatia". The two offices for agriculture and commercial economy were subordinate to him, with the corresponding professional organizations of the state farmers and the professional groups of craft, trade and industry. In this way, all economic concerns of the ethnic group should be organized and recorded. In this function he was one of the main people responsible for the " Aryanization " in Croatia, during the course of which he tried to "involve the ethnic Germans as much as possible in the booty [...]".

The German minority received two seats in the Croatian Parliament Sabor by order of January 24, 1942 , which were taken by Gasteiger and Altgayer. On January 11, 1943 Gasteiger was appointed Secretary of State of Croatia. Gasteiger, head of the German ethnic group in Croatia, directed the resettlement of around 90,000 Danube Swabians from Slavonia and Syrmia between September 3 and November 7, 1944.

After the Second World War, Gasteiger came to Austria and Germany. From 1951 he worked in the Council of Southeast Germans founded by Josef Trischler , the union of the country teams from Yugoslavia, Romania, Hungary and Slovakia. In Munich Gasteiger founded the "Danube Swabian Settlers Association". In 1970 Gasteiger was investigated because of the aryanizations after 1941. He last lived in Munich.

Publications

  • Fire Fire. In: The Drau from July 19 and August 15, 1932
  • The program of the European party by F. Gasteiger. In: Die Drau from November 14, 1932
  • Three years of cooperative system of the German ethnic group in U. St. Croatia. In: Slawonischer Volksbote, issue 5 from 1940, Osijek 1944. p. 4.
  • Evacuation of Germans from Croatia. In: Die Donauschwaben 1944–1964. Contributions to contemporary history. Südostdeutsches Kulturwerk eV, Working Group Danube Swabian Teachers, 1968

literature

  • Mariana Hausleitner : The Danube Swabians 1868–1948. Your role in the Romanian and Serbian Banat. Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2014. ISBN 978-3-515-10686-3 , pp. 172, 254, 290, 360
  • Z. Krnić: Privreda Njemačke narodne skupine u NDH. Zbornik Historijskog instituta Slavonije i Baranje. 1978, pp. 215-263.
  • A. Stupp: Memory of Ferdinand Gasteiger (1901–1969). In: Der Donauschwabe (Aalen), issue 42 from 1992, p. 4.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Vladimir Geiger: Gasteiger, Ferdinand , 1998. In: Hrvatski Biografski Leksikon, 2016
  2. ↑ a b c d Carl Bethke : “No common language?” LIT Verlag, Münster 2013, ISBN 3-64311-754-X , p. 169
  3. ^ Mariana Hausleitner , Harald Roth : The Influence of Fascism and National Socialism on Minorities in East Central and Southeast Europe. Institute for German Culture and History of Southeast Europe, Munich 2006. ISBN 3-98098-511-3 , p. 185
  4. ^ Mariana Hausleitner: The Danube Swabians 1868–1948. Your role in the Romanian and Serbian Banat. Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2014. ISBN 978-3-515-10686-3 , p. 172
  5. ^ Mariana Hausleitner: The Danube Swabians 1868–1948. Your role in the Romanian and Serbian Banat. Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2014. ISBN 978-3-515-10686-3 , p. 254
  6. ^ Johann Böhm: The German ethnic group in Yugoslavia 1918-1941: domestic and foreign policy as symptoms of the relationship between the German minority and the Yugoslav government. Verlag Peter Lang, 2009, ISBN 3-63159-557-3 , p. 24.
  7. ↑ a b Valentin Oberkersch : The Germans in Syrmia, Slavonia, Croatia and Bosnia. History of a German ethnic group in Southeast Europe. Stuttgart 1989, p. 372
  8. ↑ Leadership of the German Ethnic Group in the Independent State of Croatia: Yearbook of the German Ethnic Group in the Independent State of Croatia. Osiek 1944. S. 87. In: Markus Hirsch: The role of the German ethnic group in the economic relations between the Third Reich and the Independent State of Croatia 1941-45. Section 8.1, 2001
  9. ^ Carl Bethke: "No common language?" LIT Verlag, Münster 2013, ISBN 3-64311-754-X , p. 402
  10. ↑ Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees and War Victims (Ed.): The fate of the Germans in Yugoslavia. Documentation of the expulsion of Germans from East Central Europe. Volume 5, Bonn 1961. Footnote 4, p. 51E and p. 39E, note 36.
  11. ^ Carl Bethke: “No common language?” LIT Verlag, Münster 2013, ISBN 3-64311-754-X , p. 257
  12. ^ Mariana Hausleitner: The Danube Swabians 1868–1948. Your role in the Romanian and Serbian Banat. Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2014. ISBN 978-3-515-10686-3 , p. 290
  13. ^ Mariana Hausleitner: The Danube Swabians 1868–1948. Your role in the Romanian and Serbian Banat. Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2014. ISBN 978-3-515-10686-3 , p. 360
  14. ^ Eugen Lemberg, Friedrich Edding: The expellees in West Germany: their integration and their influence on society, economy, politics and intellectual life. F. Hirt, 1959. p. 576
  15. ^ Carl Bethke: "No common language?" LIT Verlag, Münster 2013, ISBN 3-64311-754-X , p. 289.
personal data
SURNAME Gasteiger, Ferdinand
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Croatian-German member of the parliament of the Independent State of Croatia, “economic leader” of the “German ethnic group” there
DATE OF BIRTH February 16, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH Osijek , Kingdom of Hungary , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH 7th January 1969
Place of death Munich