Spruce cone bloom moth

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Spruce cone bloom moth
Spruce cone bloom strainer, preparation

Spruce cone bloom strainer, preparation

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Larentiinae
Genre : Eupithecia
Type : Spruce cone bloom moth
Scientific name
Eupithecia abietaria
( Goeze , 1781)

The spruce cone flyer ( Eupithecia abietaria ), sometimes also called the pine cone flyer , is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the flyers (Geometridae).

features

butterfly

The wingspan of the moth is 17 to 26 millimeters. The basic color of all wings is predominantly gray-brown. On the forewings there is a very clear, large, mostly elongated center. A red-brown band stands out near the hem, which fades with age. The lighter middle field is bordered by dark transverse lines. Directly on the hem there is a dark line made up of dashes, which continues on the hind wings. These also show a somewhat weaker center point as well as a transverse line from which some dark, inwardly directed wedge spots emanate.

egg

The oval egg is characterized by regular, large, hexagonal depressions on the shell sculpture.

Caterpillar

Adult caterpillars are thick, fleshy red in color and show no markings.

Doll

The dark red-brown doll has two strong hook bristles and several fine bristles on the cremaster .

Similar species

The spruce gall bud moth ( Eupithecia analoga ) is somewhat smaller, less contrasting and differs in particular through the significantly longer palps .

A genital morphological examination is also advisable for a clear assignment .

Geographical distribution and occurrence

The spruce cone moth occurs in large parts of Europe, but is absent in some Mediterranean regions . In the Alps it can still be found 2800 meters above sea ​​level . In Siberia , in the Altai and Sajan Mountains , in East Asia and in Japan the ssp. E. abietaria debrunneata is native. The species prefers spruce, fir and mixed forests.

Way of life

The moths fly in one generation and are crepuscular and nocturnal. The main flight time is from May to July. They are mainly in the treetops, but also appear near artificial light sources on the ground. The majority of the caterpillars can be found from July to September and live in the cones of the Norway spruce ( Picea abies ), the silver fir ( Abies alba ) and other types of fir ( Abies ) and pine ( Pinus ). The scientific name of the species is derived from the Latin language: abies  = "fir tree". The pupae overwinter.

Danger

In Germany, the spruce cone moth occurs with different frequencies in all federal states and is listed as not endangered on the Red List of Endangered Species .

Synonyms

  • Eupithecia pini ( Retzius , 1783)
  • Eupithecia bilunulata ( Zetterstedt , 1839)
  • Eupithecia togata ( Huebner , 1817)

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Vladimir Mironov: The Geometrid Moths of the World . In: Axel Hausmann (Ed.): The Geometrid Moths of Europe . 1st edition. Volume 4: Larentiinae II. Perizomini and Eupitheciini . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2003, ISBN 87-88757-40-4 (English).
  2. ↑ a b c Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
  3. ^ Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 .
  4. ^ Arnold Spuler: The butterflies of Europe , Volume 2, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 1910
  5. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany . Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9 .

literature

  • Vladimir Mironov: The Geometrid Moths of the World . In: Axel Hausmann (Ed.): The Geometrid Moths of Europe . 1st edition. Volume 4: Larentiinae II. Perizomini and Eupitheciini . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2003, ISBN 87-88757-40-4 (English).
  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 .

Web links

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